Draw the flowcharts of water treatment plant for surface water and ground water.

Unfortunately, I can't draw images directly, but I can describe the flowcharts for water treatment plants for surface water and groundwater.

Flowchart for Surface Water Treatment Plant:

1. Intake: Surface water is drawn from a natural source, such as a river, lake, or reservoir, through intake structures and screens to remove debris and large particles.

2. Pre-Treatment:

   • Screening: Water passes through fine screens to remove larger debris and aquatic organisms.
   • Coagulation and Flocculation: Chemical coagulants, such as aluminum sulfate (alum) or ferric chloride, are added to promote the aggregation of suspended particles into larger flocs.
   • Sedimentation: Water flows into sedimentation basins where flocs settle out due to gravity, forming a sludge layer at the bottom.

3. Filtration:

   • Sand Filtration: Water passes through layers of sand, gravel, and anthracite coal to remove remaining suspended particles, turbidity, and microorganisms.
   • Backwashing: Filters are periodically backwashed to remove accumulated particles and restore filtration capacity.

4. Disinfection:

   • Chlorination: Chlorine or chloramines are added to kill bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens present in the water.
   • Dechlorination: Sodium bisulfite or activated carbon is added to remove excess chlorine and neutralize disinfection byproducts.

5. pH Adjustment:

   • pH Correction: Lime or soda ash may be added to adjust the pH of the treated water to meet regulatory standards and prevent corrosion in distribution pipes.

6. Fluoridation:

   • Fluoride Addition: Fluoride compounds are added to the water to prevent dental cavities and promote dental health, where required.

7. Storage and Distribution:

   • Treated water is stored in clearwells or reservoirs before being pumped into distribution pipelines for delivery to consumers.

Flowchart for Groundwater Treatment Plant:

1. Well Pumping:

   • Groundwater is pumped from wells drilled into aquifers using submersible pumps or other pumping mechanisms.

2. Pre-Treatment:

   • Aeration: Water is aerated to remove dissolved gases, such as hydrogen sulfide and methane, and improve taste and odor.
   • Iron and Manganese Removal: Oxidizing agents, such as chlorine or potassium permanganate, may be added to oxidize and precipitate iron and manganese for removal through filtration or settling.

3. Filtration:

   • Media Filtration: Water passes through layers of sand, gravel, and anthracite coal to remove suspended solids, turbidity, and precipitated contaminants.

4. Disinfection:

   • Chlorination or UV Disinfection: Chlorine or ultraviolet (UV) light is used to disinfect the water and eliminate bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens present in the groundwater.

5. pH Adjustment:

   • pH Correction: Lime or soda ash may be added to adjust the pH of the treated water to meet regulatory standards and prevent corrosion in distribution pipes.

6. Fluoridation:

   • Fluoride Addition: Fluoride compounds are added to the water to prevent dental cavities and promote dental health, where required.

7. Storage and Distribution:

   • Treated groundwater is stored in clearwells or reservoirs before being pumped into distribution pipelines for delivery to consumers.

These flowcharts illustrate the typical processes involved in treating surface water and groundwater to produce potable water for consumption, meeting regulatory standards and ensuring public health and safety.