Elaborate the foreign policy of Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

1. Introduction

Foreign Policy under Prime Minister Narendra Modi: A Paradigm Shift

Since assuming office in 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has shaped India's foreign policy with a focus on pragmatic diplomacy, economic engagement, and enhancing India's global stature. This comprehensive approach has marked a departure from previous strategies, reflecting a more assertive and dynamic role for India in the international arena.

2. Neighborhood First Policy

Prime Minister Modi's "Neighborhood First" policy emphasizes strengthening diplomatic ties with neighboring countries. Recognizing the importance of regional stability, India has engaged in bilateral dialogues, economic partnerships, and infrastructure development projects to foster cooperation. However, challenges, particularly in India's relationship with Pakistan and China, have underscored the complexity of regional dynamics.

3. Act East Policy

Building on the "Look East" policy, Prime Minister Modi rebranded it as the "Act East" policy, signaling a proactive approach towards engaging with Southeast Asian nations. This shift includes economic partnerships, connectivity initiatives, and strategic collaboration. Enhancing ties with countries like Japan, Vietnam, and Indonesia has become a crucial component of India's efforts to expand its influence in the Indo-Pacific region.

4. Balancing Relations with Major Powers

4.1. Strengthening Ties with the United States

Under Prime Minister Modi, India has pursued closer ties with the United States, focusing on strategic partnerships in defense, technology, and counter-terrorism. The bilateral relationship has seen advancements such as the signing of key defense agreements, increased defense collaboration, and enhanced economic cooperation.

4.2. Strategic Engagement with Russia

Maintaining longstanding ties with Russia remains a cornerstone of India's foreign policy. Despite evolving global dynamics, both countries continue to collaborate in defense, energy, and technology. The annual India-Russia Summit reinforces the strategic partnership, with defense acquisitions and nuclear energy cooperation as key highlights.

4.3. Navigating Relations with China

Managing relations with China has been a complex challenge for Prime Minister Modi. While efforts have been made to enhance economic ties, strategic issues, including border disputes, have strained the relationship. The Wuhan and Mamallapuram informal summits aimed at addressing mutual concerns and fostering understanding, reflecting a mix of cooperation and competition.

5. Economic Diplomacy and Global Outreach

5.1. Attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

The Modi government has prioritized economic diplomacy to attract foreign investments and boost economic growth. Initiatives such as "Make in India" and "Digital India" have aimed at creating a favorable business environment, encouraging foreign companies to invest in India's diverse sectors.

5.2. International Solar Alliance (ISA) and Climate Diplomacy

India, under Prime Minister Modi, has played a significant role in global climate diplomacy. The launch of the International Solar Alliance (ISA) underscores India's commitment to renewable energy and climate resilience. By advocating for sustainable development goals, India has positioned itself as a responsible actor on the world stage.

6. Counterterrorism and Global Security

Recognizing the global threat of terrorism, Prime Minister Modi has actively engaged in international efforts to counter this menace. By emphasizing the need for collective action, India has sought to strengthen cooperation in intelligence-sharing, border security, and counter-radicalization efforts.

7. Diplomacy in Multilateral Forums

7.1. United Nations (UN) and Security Council Reform

India, under Prime Minister Modi, has actively pursued a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). The push for UNSC reform reflects India's aspiration to play a more significant role in shaping global governance structures.

7.2. G20 and BRICS Engagement

Participation in forums like the G20 and BRICS has provided India with platforms to engage with major economies and emerging powers. It offers opportunities for collaboration on economic issues, development initiatives, and addressing common challenges.

8. Challenges and Criticisms

8.1. Border Disputes and National Security Concerns

The border disputes with China and occasional cross-border incidents with Pakistan pose significant challenges to India's foreign policy. National security concerns continue to influence diplomatic decisions, requiring careful navigation to prevent escalations.

8.2. Striking a Balance in Middle East Diplomacy

India's diplomatic approach in the Middle East involves balancing relationships with countries like Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Israel. While energy security and economic interests are paramount, navigating regional conflicts and alliances requires a nuanced strategy.

9. Conclusion

In conclusion, Prime Minister Narendra Modi's foreign policy has witnessed a shift towards proactive diplomacy, economic engagement, and a strategic repositioning of India on the global stage. The emphasis on regional stability, economic partnerships, and balancing relationships with major powers reflects a dynamic and assertive approach to foreign affairs. As India continues to navigate complex geopolitical challenges and seize opportunities for collaboration, the evolution of its foreign policy under Prime Minister Modi remains a focal point in shaping the nation's role in the international arena.