Enlist different phases of White Revolution initiated in India. Explain any one.

The White Revolution, also known as Operation Flood, was a successful dairy development program implemented in India with the objective of boosting milk production and making India self-sufficient in milk. The different phases of the White Revolution are:

1. Phase I (1970-1980): This phase focused on establishing dairy cooperatives and expanding the reach of milk production in select states like Gujarat.

2. Phase II (1981-1985): Emphasized the replication of the cooperative model in other states and enhancing milk processing and marketing infrastructure.

3. Phase III (1985-1996): Saw further expansion of dairy cooperatives across the country, especially in southern and eastern regions, and included technological upgrades in milk production and processing.

4. Phase IV (1996-2006): Emphasized sustainability and competitiveness in the dairy sector, promoting value-added dairy products and private sector participation.

An example to explain:
Phase I (1970-1980): During this phase, the foundation for the White Revolution was laid by Dr. Verghese Kurien through the establishment of the Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF) and its flagship brand, Amul. This phase witnessed the successful replication of the cooperative model across Gujarat, empowering farmers and rural communities to actively participate in dairy production, processing, and marketing. The cooperative structure ensured fair pricing for farmers, enhanced milk quality, and improved market access, leading to a significant increase in milk production and transforming India into the world's largest milk producer. This phase demonstrated the potential of collective action and grassroots empowerment in revolutionizing India's dairy industry.