Enlist the clinical categories of HIV infection.
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Enlist the clinical categories of HIV infection.
Clinical categories of HIV infection are classified based on the progression of the disease and the severity of symptoms. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States has defined various clinical stages to categorize HIV infection:
1. Acute HIV Infection:
This is the initial stage of HIV infection, occurring within the first few weeks after exposure. Many individuals experience flu-like symptoms, such as fever, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes. However, some people may have no noticeable symptoms during this phase.
2. Asymptomatic HIV Infection (Clinical Latency):
During this stage, the virus is still active but reproduces at low levels. Most people in this phase do not experience any symptoms, or if they do, the symptoms are mild. Despite the lack of apparent symptoms, the virus continues to damage the immune system.
3. Symptomatic HIV Infection:
In this category, individuals may start experiencing symptoms that are more noticeable and indicative of a weakened immune system. Symptoms can include persistent fever, recurrent respiratory infections, skin rashes, and oral problems like thrush. While the immune system is compromised, it has not reached the level of severe immunosuppression seen in AIDS.
4. AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome):
AIDS is the most advanced stage of HIV infection, characterized by severe immunosuppression. At this stage, the immune system is significantly damaged, making individuals susceptible to opportunistic infections and certain cancers. The CDC defines AIDS based on a CD4 cell count below 200 cells/mm³ or the occurrence of specific AIDS-defining illnesses.
It's important to note that effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) can slow the progression of HIV infection, preventing or delaying the onset of AIDS and improving overall health outcomes. Regular monitoring of CD4 cell counts and viral load, along with adherence to treatment, plays a crucial role in managing HIV and preventing the progression to more advanced clinical categories. Early detection and timely initiation of treatment are key factors in promoting better long-term health for individuals living with HIV.