Enumerate commonly abused drugs, their routes of administration and harmful effects.

Commonly abused drugs include:

1. Alcohol: Alcohol is often consumed orally in the form of beverages such as beer, wine, and liquor. Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to intoxication, impaired judgment, liver damage, addiction, and an increased risk of accidents, injuries, and chronic health conditions.

2. Tobacco: Tobacco is typically smoked in the form of cigarettes, cigars, or pipes, or used orally in the form of smokeless tobacco products such as chewing tobacco or snuff. Tobacco use is associated with addiction, respiratory problems, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other serious health consequences.

3. Marijuana: Marijuana is commonly smoked in the form of dried plant material or consumed orally in edibles such as cookies or candies. It contains psychoactive compounds such as THC, which can lead to altered perception, impaired coordination, memory impairment, addiction, and negative effects on mental health.

4. Cocaine: Cocaine is often snorted in powdered form or dissolved and injected intravenously. It produces intense euphoria, increased energy, and alertness, but also carries risks of addiction, cardiovascular complications, seizures, psychosis, and overdose.

5. Heroin: Heroin is typically injected intravenously, smoked, or snorted. It produces a powerful euphoric effect but is highly addictive and carries risks of overdose, respiratory depression, infectious diseases (such as HIV/AIDS and hepatitis), and long-term physical and psychological harm.

6. Methamphetamine: Methamphetamine is usually smoked, snorted, injected, or swallowed. It increases alertness, energy, and euphoria but can also cause addiction, cardiovascular problems, psychosis, dental issues (due to "meth mouth"), and cognitive impairment.

7. Prescription Drugs: Prescription drugs such as opioids (e.g., oxycodone, hydrocodone), benzodiazepines (e.g., alprazolam, diazepam), and stimulants (e.g., Adderall, Ritalin) are often abused by individuals seeking to experience euphoria, relaxation, or increased focus. Misuse of prescription drugs can lead to addiction, overdose, respiratory depression, and other adverse effects.

Harmful effects of drug abuse include:

1. Physical Health Problems: Drug abuse can lead to a range of physical health problems, including cardiovascular disease, respiratory problems, liver damage, kidney failure, infectious diseases, and neurological damage.

2. Mental Health Disorders: Substance abuse is associated with an increased risk of mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, psychosis, and cognitive impairment.

3. Addiction and Dependence: Continued drug abuse can lead to addiction, characterized by compulsive drug-seeking behavior, loss of control over drug use, and withdrawal symptoms when drug use is stopped.

4. Social and Interpersonal Problems: Drug abuse can negatively impact relationships with family, friends, and colleagues, leading to conflict, isolation, and social withdrawal.

5. Legal and Financial Consequences: Drug abuse can result in legal problems such as arrests, fines, and imprisonment. It can also lead to financial difficulties due to the costs of purchasing drugs and legal expenses.

6. Overdose and Death: Drug abuse carries the risk of overdose, which can result in coma, respiratory failure, and death. Overdose deaths are a significant public health concern associated with drug abuse.