Explain Ad Hoc Tribunals.
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Ad hoc tribunals are temporary courts established to address specific issues, typically related to serious crimes like genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. These tribunals are created by the United Nations or other international bodies to address conflicts that existing judicial systems cannot adequately handle.
Notable examples include the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). The ICTY was established in 1993 to prosecute crimes committed during the Yugoslav Wars, while the ICTR was set up in 1994 to address the Rwandan Genocide.
Ad hoc tribunals aim to deliver justice and accountability, contributing to peace and reconciliation in post-conflict societies. They operate under international law and focus on individual criminal responsibility. While effective in some respects, these tribunals often face criticism for being costly, slow, and influenced by political considerations.
Despite their challenges, ad hoc tribunals have played a crucial role in the development of international criminal law and the enforcement of human rights standards, setting precedents for future international judicial mechanisms.