Explain Australian party system.
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The Australian party system is characterized by a multi-party framework dominated by two major political parties: the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and the Liberal Party of Australia. These two parties, along with the National Party of Australia, form the core of Australia's political landscape, competing for power and influence at the federal and state levels.
Australian Labor Party (ALP): The ALP is one of Australia's oldest and largest political parties, founded in 1901. It is affiliated with the trade union movement and traditionally represents the interests of the working class and progressive policies. The ALP has a strong presence in both urban and regional areas and has formed government at the federal and state levels numerous times throughout Australian history.
Liberal Party of Australia: The Liberal Party is a center-right political party founded in 1944, combining liberal and conservative principles. It advocates for free-market economics, individual freedoms, and limited government intervention. The Liberal Party has historically been associated with business interests and urban constituencies, although it also draws support from rural and regional areas. It forms a coalition with the National Party at the federal level, known as the Liberal-National Coalition.
National Party of Australia: The National Party, formerly known as the Country Party, represents the interests of rural and regional Australia. It advocates for agricultural issues, rural development, and decentralization policies. The National Party is closely aligned with the Liberal Party and forms a coalition with it at the federal level. Together, they contest elections under the banner of the Liberal-National Coalition.
Minor Parties and Independents: In addition to the major parties, Australia's party system includes various minor parties and independents representing diverse interests and ideologies. These parties include the Australian Greens, which advocate for environmental sustainability and social justice, as well as smaller parties such as the Australian Democrats, One Nation, and various state-based parties. Independents, who are not affiliated with any political party, also play a significant role in Australian politics, particularly in the Senate and at the state level.
Overall, the Australian party system is characterized by a competitive multi-party framework in which the major parties, the ALP and the Liberal Party, vie for power and influence alongside minor parties and independents. While the major parties dominate the political landscape, minor parties and independents provide alternative voices and perspectives, contributing to the diversity and dynamism of Australian democracy.