Explain Biopsychosocial model of health.

The Biopsychosocial Model of Health is a holistic framework for understanding health and illness, emphasizing the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors in determining an individual's overall well-being. This model was developed by psychiatrist George Engel in the late 20th century as a response to the limitations of the traditional biomedical model, which primarily focused on biological factors.

In the biopsychosocial model:

1. Biological Factors: These encompass an individual's genetics, physical health, and physiological processes. Biological factors include genetics, chronic illnesses, infectious diseases, and the functioning of bodily systems.

2. Psychological Factors: Psychological aspects such as emotions, thoughts, beliefs, and mental health play a significant role in health outcomes. Stress, coping mechanisms, personality traits, and mental disorders are considered under this category.

3. Social Factors: Social determinants of health encompass an individual's social and cultural environment, including socioeconomic status, education, family dynamics, access to healthcare, and support networks. Social factors influence health behaviors and access to resources.

The biopsychosocial model acknowledges that health and illness are complex and multifaceted, recognizing that biological, psychological, and social factors interact and contribute to an individual's overall health status. This holistic perspective has become a fundamental framework in medicine and psychology, guiding healthcare professionals to consider not only the physical aspects of health but also the psychological and social determinants when diagnosing, treating, and promoting well-being.