Explain Canada’s major planks of foreign policy.

Canada's foreign policy is multifaceted, reflecting its commitment to principles such as democracy, human rights, multilateralism, and peacekeeping. Over the years, Canada has pursued several major planks in its foreign policy, shaping its interactions with the international community and influencing its role on the global stage.

1. Promotion of Peace and Security:
   Canada has a long-standing commitment to international peace and security, exemplified by its contributions to peacekeeping missions around the world. Since the 1950s, Canadian peacekeepers have participated in numerous United Nations missions, including those in Cyprus, Bosnia, Rwanda, and Haiti. Canada's peacekeeping efforts underscore its commitment to conflict prevention, peacebuilding, and humanitarian assistance.

2. Advancement of Human Rights and Democracy:
   Human rights advocacy is a cornerstone of Canada's foreign policy. Canada actively promotes democratic values, freedom of speech, gender equality, LGBTQ+ rights, and indigenous rights on the global stage. Through diplomatic channels, international organizations, and development assistance, Canada seeks to support democratic governance, strengthen civil society, and combat discrimination and injustice worldwide.

3. Multilateralism and Global Cooperation:
   Canada places great importance on multilateral institutions and cooperative approaches to addressing global challenges. As a founding member of the United Nations, NATO, the Commonwealth, and other international organizations, Canada works collaboratively with other nations to tackle issues such as climate change, global health, terrorism, and nuclear proliferation. Canada's commitment to multilateralism underscores its belief in collective action and shared responsibility in addressing common threats and opportunities.

4. Trade and Economic Diplomacy:
   Canada is a strong advocate for open markets, free trade, and economic integration. Through initiatives such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) with the European Union, and the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), Canada seeks to expand its trade relationships and promote economic growth both domestically and internationally. Economic diplomacy plays a vital role in strengthening Canada's global competitiveness and fostering prosperity for its citizens.

5. Arctic Sovereignty and Environmental Stewardship:
   Given its vast northern territories, Canada has a keen interest in Arctic sovereignty and environmental protection. Canada asserts its sovereignty in the Arctic through diplomatic channels, scientific research, and investments in infrastructure and security. Furthermore, Canada is committed to addressing climate change and environmental sustainability, both domestically and globally. Canada's participation in international climate agreements and initiatives demonstrates its commitment to environmental stewardship and sustainable development.

6. Promotion of Diversity and Inclusion:
   Canada prides itself on its multicultural identity and values diversity as a source of strength and resilience. In its foreign policy, Canada promotes cultural exchange, educational cooperation, and interfaith dialogue to foster mutual understanding and respect among nations. Canada's support for refugee resettlement, humanitarian assistance, and global development initiatives reflects its commitment to helping vulnerable populations and promoting inclusive societies worldwide.

7. Support for Global Development and Aid:
   Canada is a significant contributor to international development and humanitarian aid efforts. Through partnerships with organizations such as the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the World Bank, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), Canada provides assistance in areas such as poverty alleviation, health care, education, and infrastructure development. Canada's foreign aid reflects its commitment to addressing global inequality and promoting sustainable development for all.

In summary, Canada's foreign policy is guided by a commitment to promoting peace, democracy, human rights, and international cooperation. Through its engagement with the international community, Canada seeks to advance its values and interests while contributing to a safer, more just, and prosperous world.