Explain Classical conditioning.
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Classical conditioning, proposed by Ivan Pavlov, is a form of associative learning where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an involuntary response through repeated pairing with an unconditioned stimulus. The neutral stimulus eventually elicits the response on its own, becoming a conditioned stimulus. The process involves the automatic, reflexive learning of associations, exemplified by Pavlov's experiments with dogs associating the ringing of a bell (neutral stimulus) with food (unconditioned stimulus), leading to salivation (unconditioned response), and ultimately, salivation in response to the bell alone (conditioned response).