Explain existential therapy in terms of view of human nature, goals, and techniques.

Existential therapy is a philosophical and experiential approach to psychotherapy that focuses on the exploration of human existence and the individual's experience of living. This therapeutic perspective is rooted in existential philosophy and addresses the challenges and complexities of human existence. Here are key aspects of existential therapy:

1. View of Human Nature: Existential therapy starts with the assumption that individuals are unique and responsible for creating meaning in their lives. It emphasizes the importance of individual freedom, choice, and personal responsibility. Existentialists believe that individuals have the capacity for self-awareness and the ability to make choices that shape their own destinies.

2. Goals of Existential Therapy: The primary goal of existential therapy is to help individuals explore and clarify their values, meaning, and purpose in life. It aims to assist clients in confronting the inherent challenges and uncertainties of existence, such as death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness. By embracing these fundamental concerns, clients are encouraged to take responsibility for their choices and create a life that aligns with their authentic values.

3. Techniques in Existential Therapy: Existential therapy employs a range of techniques to help individuals explore their experiences and gain insight into their values and choices. Some key techniques include:

   • Phenomenological Exploration: Therapists encourage clients to explore their subjective experiences without judgment. This involves examining thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in the present moment to gain a deeper understanding of one's internal world.

   • Reflection and Self-Reflection: Existential therapists often engage in reflective dialogue with clients, exploring existential themes and encouraging self-reflection. This process helps individuals gain insights into their values, beliefs, and choices.

   • Confrontation: Existential therapy may involve challenging clients to confront their fears, anxieties, and avoidance of certain aspects of life. This confrontation is intended to promote self-awareness and encourage individuals to face the realities of their existence.

   • Responsibility and Freedom: Therapists help clients recognize their freedom to choose and the responsibility that comes with it. Encouraging clients to take ownership of their choices empowers them to shape their lives in alignment with their values.

   • Exploration of Meaning: Existential therapists work with clients to explore and clarify their sense of meaning and purpose. This involves examining the individual's beliefs, values, and commitments that contribute to a meaningful life.

   • Authenticity: Therapists encourage clients to live authentically, aligning their actions with their true selves rather than conforming to societal expectations or external pressures. This involves a process of self-discovery and staying true to one's values.

Existential therapy is not prescriptive and doesn't provide specific solutions or techniques for overcoming challenges. Instead, it emphasizes the importance of the therapeutic relationship, fostering self-awareness, and empowering individuals to make meaningful choices in the face of life's uncertainties. The overarching goal is to help clients live more authentically, embrace their freedom, and find purpose and fulfillment in their unique existence.