Explain Gandhian views on human ecology.

Gandhi's views on human ecology are deeply rooted in his philosophy of interconnectedness and harmony with nature. He emphasized the interdependence of all living beings and advocated for a sustainable relationship between humans and the environment.

Central to Gandhi's ecological perspective is the principle of simplicity and self-sufficiency. He believed in living in harmony with nature, avoiding excessive consumption, and minimizing waste. Gandhi promoted the idea of "simple living, high thinking," encouraging individuals to prioritize spiritual and moral values over material possessions.

Gandhi also stressed the importance of respecting the intrinsic value of nature. He viewed the Earth not as a resource to be exploited for human gain but as a living entity deserving of reverence and care. Gandhi's concept of trusteeship suggests that humans should act as custodians of the Earth, responsibly managing its resources for the benefit of present and future generations.

Furthermore, Gandhi advocated for decentralized and sustainable modes of production and consumption. He believed in empowering local communities to meet their needs through small-scale, cottage industries and agricultural practices that respect ecological limits.

Gandhi's approach to human ecology also encompassed social justice and equity. He recognized that environmental degradation often disproportionately affects marginalized communities and advocated for inclusive and equitable solutions. Gandhi's vision of a sustainable society is one where human well-being is intimately connected to the health of the natural world, and where harmony between humans and nature is prioritized above all else.