Explain Gandhi’s concept of Ahinsa (Non-Violence).

Gandhi's concept of Ahimsa, or non-violence, is a central and defining element of his philosophy. Rooted in ancient Indian traditions, particularly Jainism and Hinduism, Gandhi elevated Ahimsa to a guiding principle for personal conduct, social change, and political action.

Ahimsa, for Gandhi, is not merely the absence of physical violence but a comprehensive principle that encompasses thoughts, words, and actions. Here are key aspects of Gandhi's concept of Ahimsa:

1. Non-violence in Thought:
   Gandhi believed that true non-violence begins in the mind. It requires individuals to cultivate thoughts of compassion, empathy, and understanding towards others. By eliminating hatred, anger, and hostility from one's thoughts, one contributes to a non-violent mental environment.

2. Non-violence in Speech:
   Ahimsa extends to verbal communication. Gandhi emphasized the need for truthfulness, kindness, and restraint in speech. Words, when used to hurt or deceive, are considered acts of violence. Non-violent communication seeks to express one's thoughts with honesty and without causing harm.

3. Non-violence in Action:
   At its core, Ahimsa is reflected in one's actions. Gandhi believed in resisting injustice and oppression through non-violent means. This involved courageously facing adversity, accepting suffering without retaliation, and responding to hatred with love. Non-violent action aims to transform opponents and the situation rather than defeating or destroying them.

4. Ahimsa in Relationships:
   Gandhi applied Ahimsa to interpersonal relationships, advocating for mutual respect, understanding, and cooperation. He believed that conflicts should be resolved through dialogue and negotiation, avoiding harm to others even when faced with adversity.

5. Political Application:
   Gandhi's philosophy of Ahimsa had a profound impact on his approach to political activism. He used non-violent resistance, or Satyagraha, as a powerful tool to challenge colonial oppression. Through movements such as the Salt March and Civil Disobedience, he demonstrated the efficacy of non-violent action in achieving social and political change.

6. Universal Principle:
   Gandhi considered Ahimsa a universal principle applicable to all aspects of life. He envisioned a world where individuals, communities, and nations embraced non-violence as a way of life, fostering peace and harmony on a global scale.

Gandhi's concept of Ahimsa transcends passive resistance; it is a proactive force for positive transformation. It requires individuals to take moral responsibility for their actions, embodying the belief that true strength lies not in violence but in the power of love, compassion, and justice. Ahimsa remains a timeless and inspirational philosophy, influencing movements for civil rights, social justice, and peace around the world.