Explain Gandhi’s views on modern civilisation.

Gandhi held a critical view of modern civilization, often expressing concerns about its impact on human values, the environment, and social harmony. His reflections on modern civilization were rooted in his philosophy of truth (Satya) and non-violence (Ahimsa). Here are key aspects of Gandhi's views on modern civilization:

1. Materialism and Spiritual Decay:
   Gandhi observed that modern civilization, with its emphasis on materialism and consumerism, had led to a spiritual decay. He criticized the relentless pursuit of wealth and possessions, arguing that it resulted in a loss of deeper spiritual and moral values.

2. Technological Advancements and Dehumanization:
   While acknowledging the benefits of technology, Gandhi cautioned against its excessive use, particularly when it led to the dehumanization of individuals. He was wary of technological advancements that detached people from nature, community, and meaningful human interactions.

3. Exploitation and Social Injustice:
   Gandhi was deeply troubled by the exploitation inherent in modern economic systems. He criticized the unequal distribution of wealth and resources, expressing concern that industrialization often led to the marginalization and oppression of the less privileged.

4. Environmental Sustainability:
   Gandhi raised early concerns about the impact of industrialization on the environment. He foresaw the ecological consequences of unbridled exploitation of natural resources and advocated for sustainable living and harmonious coexistence with nature.

5. Erosion of Traditional Values:
   Gandhi lamented the erosion of traditional values and community bonds in the face of rapid urbanization and industrialization. He believed that the pursuit of material progress often came at the cost of social cohesion and mutual care.

6. Simple Living and Self-Sufficiency:
   Gandhi advocated for a return to simple living and self-sufficiency. He believed that a more sustainable and just civilization could be built on the principles of frugality, moderation, and a deeper connection to one's surroundings.

7. Human-Centric Development:
   Gandhi proposed a more human-centric approach to development, emphasizing the importance of human well-being and happiness over economic growth for its own sake. He believed in a holistic vision of progress that considered not only material advancements but also the moral and spiritual development of individuals and communities.

In summary, Gandhi's views on modern civilization reflected his concern for the erosion of human values, social justice, and environmental sustainability in the pursuit of material progress. His critique continues to resonate in contemporary discussions about the balance between technological advancements, economic development, and the preservation of essential human and ethical values.