Explain High Yielding Variety Programme.
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Explain High Yielding Variety Programme.
The High Yielding Variety (HYV) Programme, also known as the Green Revolution, was an agricultural initiative implemented in the mid-1960s and 1970s to increase food production and achieve food security in India. The key features of the HYV Programme include:
Introduction of Improved Varieties: The programme introduced high-yielding varieties of seeds (HYVs) for major crops like wheat and rice. These new varieties were scientifically developed to produce higher yields under optimal conditions.
Use of Modern Agricultural Practices: Farmers were encouraged to adopt modern agricultural practices such as proper irrigation, use of chemical fertilizers, and pest management techniques to maximize the potential of HYVs.
Government Support: The Indian government provided subsidies, credit facilities, and extension services to promote the adoption of HYVs among farmers.
Increased Production: The HYV Programme led to a significant increase in agricultural productivity, especially in regions like Punjab, Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh. India transformed from a food-deficient nation to a surplus producer of food grains.
Challenges and Criticisms: Despite its success in increasing food production, the HYV Programme also faced criticisms for its over-reliance on chemical inputs, environmental degradation, and widening income disparities among farmers.
Overall, the High Yielding Variety Programme played a pivotal role in transforming India's agriculture sector by boosting productivity and ensuring food security. However, it also highlighted the importance of sustainable agricultural practices and balanced development to address the challenges associated with intensive farming methods.