Explain HIV Infection and STDs.
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HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a viral infection that attacks the immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells (T cells), which play a crucial role in the body's defense against infections. Untreated HIV can lead to the disease AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), characterized by severe immune system damage and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and certain cancers.
STDs (Sexually Transmitted Diseases) encompass a range of infections transmitted through sexual contact. HIV is considered an STD because it can be transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing of contaminated needles, and from an infected mother to her child during childbirth or breastfeeding. Other common STDs include chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, herpes, and human papillomavirus (HPV).
While HIV is a distinct infection, it shares routes of transmission with various STDs. The co-occurrence of HIV and other STDs is common, as the presence of one may increase the risk of acquiring or transmitting the other. Prevention strategies, including safe sex practices, regular testing, and early treatment, are crucial in addressing both HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases.