Explain Mauryan Art.
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Mauryan art, flourishing during the reign of the Mauryan Empire (c. 322 BCE – 185 BCE), represents an early phase of Indian art known for its monumental and architectural achievements. The most notable example is the Ashoka Pillars, massive columns erected throughout the empire. These pillars, made of polished sandstone, feature intricately carved capitals with a variety of animal motifs, such as lions, elephants, bulls, and horses.
The Sanchi Stupa, commissioned by Emperor Ashoka, is another iconic Mauryan artistic creation. The stupa, initially built in the 3rd century BCE and expanded later, showcases intricate carvings depicting scenes from the life of Buddha and Jataka tales. The toranas (gateways) adorned with elaborate carvings are distinctive features of Mauryan architecture.
Mauryan art reflects a synthesis of indigenous traditions and Hellenistic influences. While retaining a distinct Indian identity, Mauryan artists incorporated artistic elements from the Persian and Greco-Roman worlds, evident in the depiction of human and animal figures. Mauryan art laid the foundation for the subsequent development of Indian art and architecture, marking a significant phase in the artistic evolution of the subcontinent.