Explain Protein Energy Malnutrition.
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Explain Protein Energy Malnutrition.
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is a condition characterized by insufficient intake of protein and calories, leading to a range of nutritional deficiencies and health problems. It primarily affects young children in low-resource settings but can also occur in adults, particularly in contexts of poverty and food insecurity.
PEM encompasses two main forms:
Marasmus: This severe form of malnutrition results from a prolonged deficiency in both calories and protein. It leads to significant weight loss, muscle wasting, and overall depletion of body tissues. Children with marasmus appear emaciated and severely undernourished.
Kwashiorkor: This form of malnutrition is primarily due to a severe deficiency of dietary protein, despite sufficient caloric intake. Kwashiorkor is characterized by edema (swelling), especially in the legs and feet, along with skin changes and hair discoloration. Children with kwashiorkor may also exhibit stunted growth and impaired development.
PEM weakens the immune system, making affected individuals more susceptible to infections and increasing the risk of mortality, especially among young children. Treatment involves gradual reintroduction of balanced nutrition, including protein-rich foods, to reverse the nutritional deficiencies and promote recovery. Prevention efforts focus on improving access to diverse and nutritious food, promoting breastfeeding, and enhancing overall food security in vulnerable populations.