Explain Purushartha.
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"Purushartha" is a term from Hindu philosophy that translates to the "goals of human life" or the "aims of existence." It encompasses four fundamental pursuits or objectives that guide an individual's life and ethical conduct. These four purusharthas are:
Dharma (Righteousness): Dharma represents moral and ethical duties and responsibilities. It involves living in accordance with one's duty, righteousness, and moral principles. Dharma guides individuals to lead a virtuous and just life.
Artha (Wealth and Prosperity): Artha refers to the pursuit of material well-being, wealth, and success. It emphasizes acquiring the necessary resources for a comfortable and secure life, supporting oneself and one's family, and contributing to the welfare of society.
Kama (Desire and Pleasure): Kama involves the pursuit of sensory and aesthetic pleasures. It recognizes the importance of experiencing joy, love, and sensual pleasures within the bounds of righteousness and responsibility.
Moksha (Liberation): Moksha is the ultimate goal, representing spiritual liberation or freedom from the cycle of birth and death (samsara). It involves transcending worldly attachments, realizing one's true nature, and achieving union with the divine.
Together, these purusharthas provide a comprehensive framework for leading a purposeful and balanced life, integrating ethical responsibilities, material pursuits, sensual pleasures, and spiritual aspirations. The pursuit of these goals is seen as a holistic approach to a fulfilling and meaningful existence in Hindu philosophy.