Explain Sample Survey.

A sample survey is a research method used to collect data from a subset (sample) of a larger population to make inferences and draw conclusions about the entire population. The purpose of a sample survey is to gather information efficiently and cost-effectively while ensuring that the sample is representative of the population of interest.

Key features of a sample survey include:

1. Sampling Design: The process of selecting a subset (sample) of individuals or units from a larger population using various sampling techniques such as simple random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, or systematic sampling.

2. Data Collection: Administering a structured questionnaire or conducting interviews with sampled individuals to collect relevant information or responses. Data can also be collected through online surveys, telephone interviews, or face-to-face interviews.

3. Representativeness: Ensuring that the sample is representative of the population in terms of relevant characteristics (e.g., age, gender, location) to generalize findings from the sample to the entire population.

4. Statistical Analysis: Analyzing the collected data using statistical methods to estimate population parameters, test hypotheses, or identify patterns and relationships within the data.

5. Reliability and Validity: Ensuring the reliability (consistency) and validity (accuracy) of survey results through careful questionnaire design, pilot testing, and quality control measures.

Sample surveys are widely used in social science research, market research, public opinion polling, and government statistics to gather quantitative or qualitative data, monitor trends, evaluate programs, and inform decision-making. The design and implementation of a sample survey require careful planning, attention to sampling techniques, and adherence to ethical guidelines to ensure the reliability and validity of survey findings.