Explain Social Capital.

Social capital refers to the social networks, relationships, and shared norms and values within a community or society that can facilitate cooperation and mutual benefit. Coined by sociologist Pierre Bourdieu and further developed by Robert Putnam, social capital recognizes the inherent value embedded in social connections.

There are two main types of social capital: bonding and bridging. Bonding social capital refers to strong ties within a close-knit group, such as family or friends, fostering a sense of belonging and support. Bridging social capital involves connections between different groups, promoting diversity and the exchange of information across a broader network.

Social capital contributes to the functioning of societies by facilitating trust, collaboration, and collective action. Communities rich in social capital often exhibit higher levels of civic engagement, economic development, and overall well-being. Trust and reciprocity within social networks create a reservoir of resources that individuals can draw upon, enhancing both individual and collective outcomes. Understanding and leveraging social capital can be crucial for addressing social challenges and promoting community resilience.