Explain Social Mobility.

Social mobility refers to the ability of individuals or groups to move within or between social strata or classes over time. It involves upward or downward changes in socioeconomic status, achieved through factors such as education, employment, income, wealth accumulation, and social connections. Upward social mobility occurs when individuals or groups improve their socioeconomic position relative to their parents or previous generations, typically by acquiring higher education, securing better-paying jobs, or accumulating wealth. Downward social mobility, on the other hand, involves a decline in socioeconomic status due to factors such as unemployment, economic downturns, or loss of social capital. Social mobility is influenced by various factors, including social, economic, cultural, and institutional factors such as access to education, opportunities for advancement, discrimination, social networks, and government policies. It is considered essential for promoting equality of opportunity, reducing inequality, and fostering social cohesion in society. However, persistent barriers to social mobility, such as poverty, inequality, discrimination, and limited access to resources, can hinder upward mobility and perpetuate social stratification.