Explain Social Movements and Peasant Movements.

Social movements are collective efforts by groups of people who come together to advocate for social, political, economic, or cultural change. These movements often mobilize around specific issues or grievances and seek to challenge existing power structures, norms, or policies. Social movements can take various forms, including protests, demonstrations, advocacy campaigns, and grassroots organizing, and they may involve diverse constituencies such as workers, students, women, minorities, and environmentalists.

Peasant movements, on the other hand, are a specific type of social movement that focuses on the interests, rights, and grievances of rural agricultural communities, particularly smallholder farmers, landless laborers, and tenant farmers. Peasant movements typically arise in response to agrarian injustices, land conflicts, exploitation, or state policies that adversely affect rural livelihoods and agrarian communities. These movements often advocate for land reforms, access to resources, fair prices for agricultural produce, labor rights, and social justice for rural populations. Peasant movements may employ various tactics, including land occupations, strikes, demonstrations, and negotiations with government authorities or landowners, to advance their demands and achieve their objectives.