Explain the major elements of Incremental Model of Policy Making.

The Incremental Model of Policy Making, often associated with Charles E. Lindblom, posits that policymaking occurs through small, incremental adjustments to existing policies rather than through comprehensive overhauls. This approach acknowledges the complexity of policymaking and the challenges associated with making radical changes. Here are the major elements of the Incremental Model:

1. Small Adjustments:
   Policymakers focus on making small, incremental adjustments to existing policies rather than pursuing radical shifts. This allows for a more manageable and politically feasible process.

2. Limited Alternatives:
   Policymakers consider a limited set of alternatives, usually building upon existing policies. This contrasts with models that explore a wide range of options, emphasizing the practicality of incremental changes.

3. Feedback Loops:
   The model incorporates feedback loops, where the impact of a policy adjustment is monitored and adjustments are made based on the observed outcomes. This iterative process allows for continuous improvement.

4. Political Feasibility:
   Incremental changes are often deemed more politically feasible as they are less likely to encounter resistance compared to sweeping reforms. This pragmatic approach recognizes the challenges of garnering support for major policy overhauls.

5. Policy Stability:
   The model assumes a level of policy stability over time, with changes occurring gradually. This stability provides a foundation for policymakers to build upon existing structures and avoid disruption.

6. Bounded Rationality:
   Policymakers operate under the concept of bounded rationality, acknowledging the limitations in their ability to fully analyze and comprehend all potential policy options. Incrementalism allows for decisions within the constraints of limited information and cognitive capacity.

7. Path Dependency:
   The model recognizes path dependency, suggesting that the historical trajectory of policies influences future decision-making. Policymakers are guided by the existing policy framework and historical context.

8. Policy Subsystems:
   Incremental policymaking occurs within specific policy subsystems or domains, each with its own set of stakeholders and dynamics. Policymakers address issues within these subsystems incrementally, considering the intricacies of each domain.

In summary, the Incremental Model emphasizes gradual, small-scale adjustments to policies based on feedback and practical considerations. It recognizes the inherent complexities of policymaking and aims to navigate these complexities by building upon existing structures and making incremental improvements over time.