Explain The three cell air circulation model for each hemisphere of earth to explain global circulation of air

The three-cell air circulation model describes the global circulation of air in each hemisphere of the Earth, driven by uneven heating of the atmosphere due to solar radiation.

1. Hadley Cell (Tropical Cell):

   • Near the equator, intense solar heating causes warm air to rise vertically. This rising air cools as it ascends, forming towering cumulonimbus clouds and heavy rainfall in the region.
   • As the air cools, it spreads towards the poles in the upper atmosphere, creating the trade winds at the surface.
   • These trade winds blow towards the equator, completing the Hadley Cell circulation.

2. Ferrel Cell (Mid-Latitude Cell):

   • At around 30° to 60° latitude, the descending cool air from the Hadley Cell meets the warmer air moving poleward from the surface.
   • This collision of air masses creates mid-latitude westerly winds and stormy weather conditions.
   • Some of the air at this latitude rises and moves poleward, completing the Ferrel Cell circulation.

3. Polar Cell:

   • Near the poles, cold air descends and spreads towards lower latitudes at the surface.
   • This creates polar easterly winds blowing from the poles towards the mid-latitudes.
   • The cold air meets the warmer air from the Ferrel Cell, creating a boundary known as the polar front, where cyclones and fronts develop.

Overall, this three-cell model of air circulation explains the general patterns of wind and weather across the Earth's surface, driven by the differential heating of the atmosphere due to the curvature of the Earth and the tilt of its axis.