Explain Untouchability.

Untouchability refers to a discriminatory social practice prevalent in certain societies, particularly in South Asia, where individuals belonging to certain castes or communities are considered "untouchable" and subjected to various forms of social, economic, and religious exclusion. This practice is rooted in the caste system, which stratifies society based on hereditary occupations and social status.

Key features of untouchability include:

1. Social Exclusion: Untouchables are often segregated from mainstream society, facing restrictions on social interactions, access to public spaces, and participation in religious or community events.

2. Occupational Discrimination: Untouchables are relegated to menial and degrading occupations such as manual scavenging, leather work, or cleaning, perpetuating cycles of poverty and exploitation.

3. Denial of Rights: Untouchables historically faced systemic discrimination, denied basic rights such as education, healthcare, and property ownership.

4. Stigma and Discrimination: Untouchability perpetuates stigma and prejudice, leading to social marginalization, low self-esteem, and limited opportunities for social mobility.

Efforts to eradicate untouchability have been made through legislative measures, social reform movements, and awareness campaigns. Laws such as the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 and the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 aim to protect the rights of marginalized communities and eliminate discriminatory practices like untouchability. Despite progress, challenges persist, requiring sustained efforts to promote social inclusion, equality, and justice for all.