How does Lewisite act. How is it different to SM? What is the name of its specific antidote?

Lewisite is a highly toxic chemical warfare agent that acts as a vesicant, causing severe skin, eye, and respiratory tract damage upon exposure. It is an organoarsenic compound with the chemical formula C2H2AsCl3. Lewisite exerts its toxic effects by alkylating sulfhydryl groups on proteins, leading to tissue damage and inflammation.

Unlike sulfur mustard (SM), which primarily affects the skin and respiratory tract, Lewisite is particularly potent in its ability to cause immediate and severe ocular effects. Exposure to Lewisite vapor or liquid can lead to rapid onset of eye irritation, pain, inflammation, and potentially irreversible damage, including corneal ulceration and blindness.

Additionally, Lewisite can also cause blistering and necrosis of the skin upon contact, similar to sulfur mustard. However, Lewisite tends to produce more severe and immediate skin lesions compared to sulfur mustard, making it an even more potent vesicant.

The specific antidote for Lewisite exposure is British Anti-Lewisite (BAL), also known as dimercaprol. BAL works by forming a complex with Lewisite, chelating the arsenic atom and rendering it less toxic. Administration of BAL should be initiated as soon as possible following exposure to Lewisite to mitigate its toxic effects.

In summary, Lewisite is a highly toxic chemical warfare agent that acts as a vesicant, causing severe damage to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. It differs from sulfur mustard in its potent ocular effects and more immediate and severe skin lesions. The specific antidote for Lewisite exposure is British Anti-Lewisite (BAL), which chelates the arsenic atom and reduces its toxicity. Prompt administration of BAL is essential for mitigating the effects of Lewisite poisoning and improving patient outcomes.