“Monads are windowless.” Explain briefly.

The phrase "Monads are windowless" is associated with the philosophy of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. According to Leibniz's Monadology, monads are indivisible, non-material substances that make up the fundamental building blocks of reality. The idea of monads being "windowless" encapsulates several key aspects of Leibniz's metaphysical vision.

Leibniz posited that monads are simple substances with no internal parts. Being windowless means that monads do not have direct causal interactions or perceptual windows into the inner workings of other monads. Each monad reflects the entire universe from its unique perspective, without direct access to the internal states of other monads.

The windowlessness of monads aligns with Leibniz's principle of pre-established harmony, suggesting that the apparent interactions and coordination between monads are not the result of direct influence but are pre-established by a divine order. Each monad operates independently, following its own internal principle of perception and unfolding in harmony with the entire cosmic arrangement.

In summary, the phrase "Monads are windowless" emphasizes the self-contained nature of monads, highlighting their lack of direct interaction or perceptual access to the internal states of other monads. This concept reflects Leibniz's intricate metaphysical system and his vision of a harmonious, pre-established order in the universe.