Trace Gandhi’s founding of the ‘Indian Opinion’.

1. Introduction

Gandhi's Endeavor: The Founding of 'Indian Opinion'

Mahatma Gandhi's journey as a leader of the Indian community in South Africa began with the establishment of the newspaper 'Indian Opinion.' This venture not only served as a platform for expressing the concerns of the Indian diaspora but also became a potent tool for advocating civil rights, equality, and social justice. Tracing the founding of 'Indian Opinion' unveils a crucial chapter in Gandhi's early activism.

2. Arrival in South Africa and the Need for Advocacy

2.1. Gandhi's Arrival in Natal

In 1893, Gandhi arrived in Natal, South Africa, to work as a lawyer. His initial intention was to stay for a year, but the pervasive racial discrimination experienced by the Indian community compelled him to extend his stay. The Indian diaspora faced harsh discriminatory laws, including the imposition of poll taxes and the denial of basic civil rights.

2.2. Discrimination and the Emergence of Activism

The discriminatory treatment faced by Indians, coupled with an incident where Gandhi himself was thrown off a train despite holding a first-class ticket, marked a turning point. Gandhi transformed from a passive lawyer into an active advocate for the rights of Indians in South Africa. The need for a platform to voice their grievances and mobilize the community became increasingly apparent.

3. Inception of 'Indian Opinion'

3.1. The Genesis of the Idea

In 1903, Gandhi founded 'Indian Opinion' as a weekly newspaper. The idea was conceived not just as a means of communication but as a tool for awakening, educating, and mobilizing the Indian community. Gandhi believed that a well-informed and united community could effectively resist injustice and discrimination.

3.2. The First Issue and Editorial Vision

The first issue of 'Indian Opinion' was published on June 4, 1903. Gandhi served as the editor, and the newspaper was printed in English, Gujarati, Tamil, and Hindi. The editorial vision emphasized the principles of truth, non-violence, and fearlessness. Gandhi sought to create a platform that would not only inform but also inspire and unite the Indian community against the systemic oppression they faced.

4. Role of 'Indian Opinion' in the Struggle

4.1. Advocacy for Civil Rights

'Indian Opinion' became a powerful voice against the discriminatory laws targeting Indians in South Africa. Through editorials, articles, and letters, the newspaper highlighted the injustices faced by the Indian community and advocated for their civil rights. Gandhi used the publication to challenge legal and social norms that perpetuated discrimination.

4.2. Community Mobilization

The newspaper played a crucial role in mobilizing the Indian community. It served as a platform for organizing protests, petitions, and collective actions against discriminatory legislation. 'Indian Opinion' became a unifying force, fostering a sense of solidarity and resilience among Indians facing adversity.

5. Satyagraha and Passive Resistance

5.1. Propagation of Satyagraha

Under Gandhi's editorship, 'Indian Opinion' became a platform for promoting the philosophy of Satyagraha, or passive resistance. Gandhi's articles explained the principles of non-violent resistance, emphasizing the power of truth and the moral duty to resist unjust laws without retaliatory violence.

5.2. Campaigns and Movements

'Indian Opinion' actively covered and supported various campaigns initiated by Gandhi, such as the resistance against the Asiatic Registration Act and the Indian Relief Bill. The newspaper played a vital role in shaping public opinion and garnering support for non-violent protests and civil disobedience.

6. Growth and Evolution of 'Indian Opinion'

6.1. Expanding Readership and Influence

Over the years, 'Indian Opinion' grew in readership and influence. It became a source of inspiration not only for the Indian community in South Africa but also for the global struggle against injustice and colonial oppression. The newspaper's influence extended beyond its initial purpose, contributing to the larger discourse on non-violent resistance.

6.2. Challenges and Perseverance

'Indian Opinion' faced financial challenges and censorship attempts by the colonial authorities. However, Gandhi's perseverance and the support of the Indian community allowed the newspaper to overcome these obstacles. The publication continued to be a beacon of resistance and resilience.

7. Legacy of 'Indian Opinion'

7.1. Paving the Way for Change

The legacy of 'Indian Opinion' extends beyond its time. The newspaper laid the foundation for the principles of Satyagraha and non-violent resistance that Gandhi would later apply in India's struggle for independence. It demonstrated the power of a well-informed and united community in challenging oppressive systems.

7.2. The Continuation of Non-Violent Advocacy

While 'Indian Opinion' ceased publication in 1915, its impact endured. The newspaper stands as a testament to the pivotal role of media in advocacy and community mobilization. The principles of non-violent resistance propagated through its pages continue to inspire movements for justice and equality worldwide.

8. Conclusion

In conclusion, the founding of 'Indian Opinion' marked a crucial phase in Gandhi's evolution as a leader and activist. The newspaper served as a catalyst for social change, advocating for the rights of the Indian community in South Africa and laying the groundwork for the application of non-violent resistance in broader struggles for justice. 'Indian Opinion' stands as a testament to the transformative power of media in shaping public opinion and fostering movements for social and political change.