What are the different categories of hazardous action? Explain.

The different categories of hazardous actions can be broadly classified into three main categories: physical hazards, chemical hazards, and biological hazards.

1. Physical Hazards: These hazards result from physical processes or conditions in the workplace that can cause harm to employees. They include:

   • Mechanical Hazards: These involve moving parts of machinery or equipment that can cause injury through crushing, shearing, or puncturing.
   • Electrical Hazards: These arise from the presence of electricity and can result in electric shock, burns, or fires.
   • Noise Hazards: Excessive noise levels in the workplace can lead to hearing loss or other auditory impairments.
   • Radiation Hazards: Exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation sources, such as X-rays or ultraviolet light, can cause tissue damage or long-term health effects.

2. Chemical Hazards: These hazards result from exposure to harmful chemicals or substances in the workplace. They include:

   • Toxic Substances: Chemicals that can cause acute or chronic health effects through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact.
   • Flammable or Explosive Materials: Substances that can ignite or explode when exposed to heat, flames, or certain conditions.
   • Corrosive Substances: Chemicals that can cause severe burns or damage to skin, eyes, or respiratory tract upon contact.

3. Biological Hazards: These hazards result from exposure to biological agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. They include:

   • Infectious Diseases: Pathogens transmitted through contact with contaminated surfaces, air, or bodily fluids, leading to illness or infection.
   • Allergens: Substances that can trigger allergic reactions or respiratory problems in susceptible individuals.
   • Biological Toxins: Poisons produced by living organisms that can cause illness or death when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed.

Identifying and mitigating these hazards is essential for ensuring the health and safety of employees in the workplace. Employers must implement appropriate controls and safety measures, provide training and PPE, and regularly assess and manage risks to minimize the potential for accidents or injuries.