What Does Conservatism Mean? Explain using Michal Oakshot’s points of view.
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What Does Conservatism Mean? Explain using Michal Oakshot’s points of view.
Conservatism and Michael Oakeshott:
Conservatism, as a political and philosophical ideology, is rooted in a commitment to preserving existing institutions, traditions, and societal structures. Michael Oakeshott, a prominent British political theorist, contributed significantly to conservative thought in the 20th century. His views provide insights into the nature and principles of conservatism.
1. Definition of Conservatism:**
Conservatism, according to Oakeshott, is characterized by a disposition rather than a specific set of dogmas or doctrines. It represents a preference for the familiar, established, and tested practices that have evolved over time. It is a skeptical approach to radical change, emphasizing the value of continuity and stability in societal arrangements.
2. Traditionalism and Skepticism:**
Traditionalism: Oakeshott argues for a respect for tradition as a repository of collective wisdom. Traditions, he contends, embody the accumulated experiences and practices of a society, providing a stable foundation for human affairs.
Skepticism: Oakeshott is skeptical about the efficacy of abstract ideologies or grand plans for societal reconstruction. He cautions against the dangers of rationalist politics that seek to impose a predetermined blueprint on society, advocating instead for a more pragmatic and incremental approach to change.
3. The Politics of Prudence:**
Oakeshott introduces the concept of the "politics of prudence," which emphasizes the importance of practical judgment and a cautious approach to political decision-making. Prudent governance, in his view, involves a nuanced understanding of specific situations and a reluctance to disrupt established norms without a clear understanding of the potential consequences.
4. Civil Association:**
Consistent with conservative thought, Oakeshott emphasizes the importance of a civil association—a community that arises organically through shared practices and associations rather than through deliberate construction. He contrasts this with the notion of a "enterprise association," which is based on a preconceived purpose or goal.
5. Individualism and Authority:**
Individualism: Oakeshott acknowledges the importance of individual autonomy but rejects radical individualism. He believes that individuals are embedded in a social context, and their actions are shaped by traditions and institutions.
Authority: Conservatism, for Oakeshott, involves a recognition of authority as an essential component of social order. He distinguishes between the authority of governance, which is necessary for maintaining order, and the authority of statecraft, which involves attempting to control and direct social change.
6. Critique of Rationalism:**
Oakeshott critiques the rationalist approach to politics, which he sees as prone to abstract theorizing and a misguided belief in the possibility of comprehensive social engineering. He contends that the rationalist impulse undermines the complexity and richness of human experience.
Conclusion:
Michael Oakeshott's contribution to conservatism lies in his nuanced understanding of political life. He advocates for a conservatism that is grounded in prudence, skepticism towards radical change, and an appreciation for the importance of tradition and civil association. His ideas continue to shape conservative thought by emphasizing the importance of humility and a pragmatic approach to governance.