What is Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)? Describe the technique of ECT.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a medical treatment for severe mental health disorders, particularly major depressive disorder and certain types of schizophrenia. It involves the controlled induction of a brief seizure by applying electrical currents to the brain.

During ECT, the patient is administered a short-acting general anesthetic and a muscle relaxant to prevent physical convulsions. Electrodes are strategically placed on the patient's scalp, and a controlled electrical current is passed through the brain, triggering a seizure. The seizure activity lasts for a short duration, typically less than a minute.

ECT's exact mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it is believed to induce changes in neurotransmitter release and receptor sensitivity, contributing to its therapeutic effects. The procedure is usually conducted in a series of sessions, and the number of treatments varies based on the individual's response and the nature of the mental health condition being treated.

ECT is considered when other treatments have proven ineffective or when a rapid response is necessary. Despite its effectiveness, ECT can have side effects, including temporary memory loss and confusion. The decision to undergo ECT involves careful consideration of the potential benefits and risks by both the treating healthcare professionals and the individual receiving the treatment.