What is enculturation?

Enculturation refers to the process by which individuals learn and internalize the cultural norms, values, beliefs, behaviors, and social expectations of their society or cultural group. It is a lifelong process that begins at birth and continues throughout one's life, shaping individuals' identities, worldviews, and social interactions within a cultural context. Enculturation occurs through various mechanisms of socialization, including family, education, peer groups, media, and religious institutions, which transmit cultural knowledge and norms from one generation to the next. Enculturation is essential for the reproduction and continuity of culture, as it ensures the transmission of shared cultural heritage and social practices from one generation to the next. Through enculturation, individuals acquire the skills, attitudes, and behaviors necessary for participation in their cultural community, enabling them to navigate social roles, relationships, and institutions within their society. Enculturation also contributes to the formation of cultural identity, as individuals develop a sense of belonging and affiliation with their cultural group, internalizing its values and worldview as their own. While enculturation provides individuals with a sense of social belonging and identity, it can also entail conformity to cultural norms and expectations, which may limit individual autonomy and creativity. Moreover, enculturation is not a uniform or static process, as cultural norms and practices may evolve over time, reflecting changes in social, economic, and political contexts. Overall, enculturation plays a crucial role in shaping individuals' experiences, behaviors, and identities within the cultural context in which they are raised.