What is international armed conflict? How it is different from non-international armed conflict.
What is international armed conflict? How it is different from non-international armed conflict.
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International armed conflict (IAC) and non-international armed conflict (NIAC) are two distinct categories recognized under international humanitarian law (IHL). They differ primarily in the nature of the parties involved and the applicable legal frameworks.
International Armed Conflict (IAC)
An international armed conflict occurs when there is a resort to armed force between two or more states. This can include traditional warfare between state armies, invasions, and occupations. The Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977 primarily govern IACs. Key characteristics of IAC include:
Non-International Armed Conflict (NIAC)
A non-international armed conflict occurs within a single state between governmental forces and non-governmental armed groups, or between such groups themselves. NIACs are typically characterized by internal struggles such as civil wars, insurgencies, and large-scale riots. Key characteristics of NIAC include:
Key Differences
In summary, while both IAC and NIAC aim to regulate the conduct of hostilities and protect those affected by conflict, they differ in their legal frameworks, the parties involved, and the scope of their impact. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for the application of international humanitarian law and for ensuring that appropriate legal protections are provided in different conflict scenarios.