What is Pararthanuman? Elaborate with the help of adequate example.

"Pararthanuman" is a concept in Indian philosophy, particularly in the context of Nyaya, one of the six orthodox schools of Hindu philosophy. The term is derived from Sanskrit, where "para" means 'the other' or 'inferential,' and "arthanumana" refers to 'inference' or 'deductive reasoning.' Together, "Pararthanuman" can be understood as 'inference for the sake of another' or 'inference on behalf of someone else.'

In Nyaya philosophy, Pararthanuman plays a crucial role in the process of logical reasoning and debate. It involves constructing an argument or inference not for oneself but for the benefit of others, particularly in the context of engaging in a dialogue or debate with opponents. The Nyaya tradition places a significant emphasis on the art of debate, and Pararthanuman reflects the idea of presenting logical reasoning not just for personal conviction but for the understanding and persuasion of others.

An example to illustrate Pararthanuman can be drawn from a hypothetical debate:

Example:

Suppose there is a philosophical debate on the existence of a higher power, and two individuals, A and B, hold opposing views. A believes in the existence of a higher power (theism), while B is skeptical and leans towards atheism.

A, practicing Pararthanuman, constructs an inference in support of the existence of a higher power not just for personal conviction but with the intention of convincing B. A might present logical premises, such as the complexity and order in the universe, as evidence for the existence of a divine creator. In doing so, A engages in Pararthanuman by formulating an inference with the goal of persuading B and others who may be skeptical.

The emphasis on Pararthanuman reflects the cooperative and dialogical nature of Nyaya philosophy. It encourages individuals to engage in logical reasoning not merely as a means of establishing personal convictions but as a tool for fostering understanding and constructive dialogue within the philosophical and intellectual community. This concept underscores the importance of presenting well-reasoned arguments in a way that facilitates mutual understanding and the pursuit of truth in a collective and cooperative manner.