Who founded the American School of Historical Particularism?
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The American School of Historical Particularism was founded by Franz Boas, often regarded as the father of modern anthropology. Boas was a German-American anthropologist who made significant contributions to the field during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He rejected the grand evolutionary theories prevalent at the time, such as unilineal cultural evolution, which posited that all societies progress through predetermined stages of development. Instead, Boas advocated for a more nuanced approach to studying human cultures, emphasizing the importance of historical context, cultural relativism, and detailed ethnographic research. The American School of Historical Particularism, spearheaded by Boas, emphasized the unique historical trajectories and cultural dynamics of individual societies, challenging the notion of a single, universal path of cultural development.