Write a short note on define and differentiate Cognitive neuroscience from Neuropsychology.

Cognitive neuroscience and neuropsychology are both interdisciplinary fields that study the relationship between the brain and behavior, but they differ in their focus and methodologies.

Cognitive neuroscience seeks to understand the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive processes such as perception, attention, memory, language, decision-making, and emotion. It combines methods from neuroscience, psychology, and other disciplines to investigate how brain structures and networks give rise to complex cognitive functions. Cognitive neuroscientists use techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to examine brain activity during cognitive tasks and correlate neural activity patterns with behavioral outcomes. The goal of cognitive neuroscience is to elucidate the neural basis of cognition and contribute to our understanding of brain-behavior relationships.

Neuropsychology, on the other hand, focuses on the study of the effects of brain damage, injury, or dysfunction on cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning. Neuropsychologists assess and diagnose cognitive deficits resulting from neurological conditions such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and developmental disorders. They use standardized neuropsychological tests to evaluate cognitive abilities, such as attention, memory, language, executive function, and visuospatial skills. Neuropsychologists also work with individuals to develop rehabilitation strategies and interventions to improve cognitive functioning and quality of life. While cognitive neuroscience aims to uncover the neural underpinnings of cognition in healthy individuals, neuropsychology examines how brain damage or dysfunction affects cognitive processes and behavior.

In summary, cognitive neuroscience investigates the neural basis of cognition in healthy individuals using neuroimaging and physiological techniques, while neuropsychology focuses on understanding and treating cognitive deficits resulting from brain injury or dysfunction using clinical assessment and rehabilitation approaches. Both fields contribute to our understanding of brain-behavior relationships and have important implications for clinical practice and cognitive rehabilitation.