Write a short note on explain organisational citizenship behaviour.

Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) refers to discretionary, voluntary actions that employees engage in, which go beyond their formal job responsibilities and contribute positively to the overall functioning of the organization. These behaviors are not explicitly rewarded or formally recognized, but they play a crucial role in promoting a positive work environment, enhancing organizational effectiveness, and fostering a supportive culture.

Examples of OCB include helping coworkers with their tasks, providing support and assistance to new employees, volunteering for additional responsibilities, participating in organizational initiatives and activities, and advocating for the organization's interests both internally and externally. OCBs can also involve behaviors such as punctuality, attendance, and adherence to organizational norms and policies.

OCB is rooted in social exchange theory, which suggests that employees engage in these behaviors as a form of reciprocity for the favorable treatment they receive from the organization, such as fair treatment, support, and opportunities for development. When employees perceive that their organization values their contributions and cares about their well-being, they are more likely to engage in OCBs as a way of reciprocating the positive treatment they receive.

Research has shown that OCBs have numerous benefits for organizations, including improved job satisfaction, increased organizational commitment, higher levels of trust and cooperation among employees, enhanced customer satisfaction, and ultimately, improved organizational performance and competitiveness. Additionally, OCBs can help mitigate the negative effects of workplace stress and conflict by fostering a supportive and collaborative work environment.

Organizations can encourage and facilitate OCBs by fostering a positive organizational culture that values and recognizes employee contributions, providing opportunities for employee involvement and participation in decision-making processes, promoting teamwork and collaboration, and rewarding and acknowledging OCBs through formal and informal mechanisms. By nurturing a culture of citizenship behavior, organizations can create a more engaged, motivated, and productive workforce, leading to long-term success and sustainability.