Write a short note on neural conduction.
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Neural conduction refers to the transmission of electrical impulses along the length of a neuron, facilitating communication within the nervous system. This process involves rapid changes in membrane potential, driven by the movement of ions across the neuron's cell membrane.
When a neuron is at rest, it maintains a negative charge inside relative to the outside, known as the resting membrane potential. Upon receiving a stimulus, such as sensory input or neurotransmitter release, the neuron's membrane depolarizes, allowing sodium ions to enter the cell and causing an action potential to propagate along the neuron's axon. This depolarization triggers voltage-gated sodium channels to open sequentially along the axon, generating a self-propagating wave of depolarization.
Once the action potential reaches the axon terminals, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft, allowing for communication with neighboring neurons or effector cells. Neural conduction is a fundamental process underlying sensory perception, motor control, cognition, and behavior, essential for the functioning of the nervous system.