Write a short note on Supreme Court of India : Role and Functions.

The Supreme Court of India serves as the apex judicial body in the country, playing a pivotal role in upholding the Constitution, protecting fundamental rights, and ensuring justice for all citizens. Here's a concise note outlining its role and functions:

Guardian of the Constitution:
The primary role of the Supreme Court of India is to safeguard the Constitution. It acts as the ultimate interpreter of the Constitution, ensuring that all laws and actions of the executive and legislative branches conform to its provisions. Through judicial review, the Supreme Court can strike down any law or government action deemed unconstitutional.

Protector of Fundamental Rights:
The Supreme Court plays a crucial role in protecting fundamental rights guaranteed under the Constitution. It hears petitions related to violations of fundamental rights and issues writs such as habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, certiorari, and quo warranto to enforce these rights and ensure justice for citizens.

Appellate Jurisdiction:
As the highest appellate court in the country, the Supreme Court hears appeals from decisions of High Courts and subordinate courts in civil, criminal, and constitutional matters. Its decisions are final and binding, establishing precedents that guide lower courts and shape legal interpretation across the nation.

Advisory Role:
The Supreme Court has an advisory jurisdiction whereby the President of India can seek its opinion on important legal or constitutional matters. While advisory opinions are not binding, they provide valuable guidance on complex issues of law and policy.

Guardian of Federal Structure:
The Supreme Court plays a vital role in maintaining the federal structure of India. It adjudicates disputes between the Union (central government) and state governments, ensuring a balance of power and resolving conflicts arising from overlapping jurisdictions.

Public Interest Litigation (PIL):
The Supreme Court has expanded its role beyond individual disputes to address broader societal issues through Public Interest Litigation (PIL). It allows any citizen or organization to seek judicial intervention for the enforcement of public rights and interests, promoting social justice and accountability.

In conclusion, the Supreme Court of India stands as the cornerstone of India's judicial system, ensuring justice, upholding constitutional values, and safeguarding the rights of all citizens. Its pivotal role in interpreting laws, resolving disputes, and advancing public interest underscores its significance in India's democratic framework.