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Vyakarana, Chandas, and Nirukta are three foundational branches of Vedic studies in ancient Indian literature, collectively known as Vedanga. Each discipline plays a crucial role in the understanding, preservation, and interpretation of the Vedas, the oldest scriptures of Hinduism.

Vyakarana:
Vyakarana is the study of grammar and linguistic analysis. It focuses on the rules and structure of the Sanskrit language, which is the language of the Vedas. Vyakarana provides a systematic framework for understanding the morphology, syntax, and semantics of Sanskrit texts, including the Vedas. Panini's Ashtadhyayi is one of the most renowned texts in Vyakarana, known for its comprehensive and precise grammar rules.

Chandas:
Chandas deals with the study of Vedic meter and prosody. It examines the rhythmic and metrical patterns of the Vedic hymns and texts. Understanding Chandas is essential for proper recitation and chanting of the Vedas, as each Vedic text follows specific metrical patterns. The study of Chandas helps preserve the oral tradition of Vedic chanting and ensures the accurate transmission of Vedic knowledge from generation to generation.

Nirukta:
Nirukta is the study of etymology and semantic interpretation of Vedic words and phrases. It focuses on elucidating the meaning and significance of Vedic terms, many of which are archaic and rich in symbolic content. Nirukta provides insights into the cultural, historical, and philosophical context of the Vedas, helping scholars interpret the subtle nuances and symbolism embedded within Vedic texts. Yaska's Nirukta is a seminal work in this field, offering explanations and interpretations of Vedic words based on their linguistic roots and usage in ancient texts.

In summary, Vyakarana, Chandas, and Nirukta are essential disciplines within Vedanga that facilitate the study, analysis, and interpretation of the Vedas. Together, they provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the linguistic, metrical, and semantic aspects of Vedic literature, preserving the ancient wisdom and cultural heritage embodied in the Vedas for posterity.