Write a very short note on Ur and Nadu.

"Ur" and "Nadu" are terms rooted in ancient Indian administrative and political structures, specifically associated with the Chola dynasty, which ruled over parts of southern India.

Ur:
"Ur" in the Chola context refers to a self-governing administrative unit at the grassroots level. Each Ur was an autonomous village or township, led by a local council known as the Urar. The Ur system exemplified decentralized governance, where local leaders were responsible for managing local affairs, resolving disputes, and overseeing community welfare. This grassroots approach allowed for efficient administration and responsiveness to the unique needs of individual villages.

Nadu:
"Nadu" refers to a larger administrative division that encompassed multiple Urs. It represented a territorial unit governed by a higher administrative authority. The head of the Nadu was known as Naduvarmman, and this position played a crucial role in overseeing the coordination of activities across multiple Ur units within the Nadu. The Nadu administrative structure allowed for a hierarchy of governance, ensuring a balance between local autonomy and centralized control.

Together, the Ur and Nadu system in the Chola dynasty reflected a sophisticated administrative framework that blended decentralized governance with centralized authority, contributing to the stability and efficiency of the Chola Empire in medieval South India.