The Capability Approach, formulated by Nobel laureate economist and philosopher Amartya Sen, is a comprehensive framework for evaluating well-being and development. Unlike traditional approaches that focus solely on income or resources, Sen's approach centers on individuals' capabilities — their freedom to achieve valuable functionings.

Capabilities, in Sen's context, are the various valuable activities and states of being that a person can choose to engage in, such as being healthy, educated, or having the ability to participate in social and political activities. Sen contends that focusing on capabilities provides a more accurate and nuanced understanding of human welfare than relying solely on material resources.

The Capability Approach places a strong emphasis on human agency and the ability to pursue one's life goals. It calls for policies and interventions that enhance individuals' freedoms, removing barriers that impede their ability to lead lives they value. Sen argues that evaluating development solely based on economic metrics neglects essential aspects of human well-being and justice.

This approach has influenced various fields, from development economics to social policy, by encouraging a broader perspective that encompasses diverse dimensions of human flourishing. It seeks to ensure that individuals not only have access to resources but also the real opportunities and freedoms to lead lives that align with their own values and aspirations.

Eustress is a term used in psychology to describe a positive and beneficial form of stress that arises from challenging and stimulating situations. Unlike distress, which is the negative and harmful response to stressors, eustress refers to the constructive and motivating stress that can enhance performance, motivation, and overall well-being.

Eustress occurs when individuals face situations that are perceived as challenging, but manageable and potentially rewarding. Examples of eustress-inducing situations include taking on a new and exciting project, participating in a competitive event, or tackling personal growth endeavors. The key characteristic of eustress is that it activates positive emotions, fosters a sense of accomplishment, and contributes to personal development.

Eustress is associated with improved cognitive function, increased motivation, and a heightened state of alertness. It encourages individuals to engage actively with their environment, promoting resilience and adaptability. While distress can lead to negative health outcomes, eustress is linked to positive psychological and physiological effects, such as increased creativity, enhanced performance, and a greater sense of life satisfaction.

Understanding the distinction between eustress and distress is crucial in recognizing the potential benefits of stress in certain contexts, emphasizing the role of perception and mindset in shaping the impact of stressors on an individual's overall well-being.

A habit is a behavioral pattern or routine that becomes ingrained through repetition, often occurring automatically and with minimal conscious thought. Habits are formed through the consistent performance of specific actions or behaviors, leading to a certain level of automaticity and efficiency in their execution.

Habits can be both constructive and destructive, influencing various aspects of an individual's life, including daily routines, decision-making, and personal development. Positive habits, such as regular exercise or good study practices, contribute to personal well-being and growth, while negative habits, like procrastination or unhealthy eating, can hinder progress and negatively impact one's life.

The formation and change of habits are central to discussions in psychology, particularly in the field of behaviorism. Habit formation involves a loop of cue, routine, and reward, as proposed by Charles Duhigg. The cue triggers the habitual behavior, the routine is the habitual action itself, and the reward reinforces the repetition of the behavior.

Understanding the mechanisms of habit formation is key to cultivating positive behaviors and breaking undesirable ones. By consciously shaping and reinforcing positive habits, individuals can enhance their efficiency, well-being, and overall quality of life.

Akrasia, a term rooted in Greek philosophy, refers to the phenomenon of acting against one's better judgment or lacking self-control despite possessing knowledge of what is morally or personally right. Commonly translated as "weakness of will" or "incontinence," akrasia represents a state where an individual knowingly engages in actions that are contrary to their own values or rational judgments.

Akratic behavior involves a conflict between the rational part of the mind, which recognizes what ought to be done, and the appetitive or desiring part, which succumbs to immediate desires or impulses. This internal struggle results in actions that are inconsistent with one's considered beliefs or goals.

Aristotle, among other ancient philosophers, explored the concept of akrasia in the context of ethics and moral psychology. The study of akrasia delves into the complexities of human decision-making, highlighting the challenges individuals face in aligning their actions with their reasoned judgments. The exploration of akrasia has enduring relevance in understanding the intricacies of self-control, moral agency, and the factors that contribute to the apparent inconsistency between what individuals know they ought to do and what they actually choose to do.

The proposition that "terrorism is a threat to social ethics" underscores the profound impact of terrorist activities on the fundamental principles that govern a just and ethical society. Terrorism, marked by violence, fear, and the intentional targeting of civilians, directly challenges the core tenets of social ethics.

Social ethics involves principles of justice, cooperation, and the well-being of individuals within a community. Terrorism disrupts these principles by instigating fear, causing harm, and undermining the sense of security that is vital for social cohesion. The intentional disregard for the lives and dignity of innocent civilians contradicts ethical norms that prioritize the protection of human rights and the avoidance of harm.

Moreover, terrorism often seeks to promote divisive ideologies or political agendas, contributing to social polarization and eroding trust among community members. The ethical foundation of a society is compromised when individuals or groups resort to violence and intimidation to achieve their goals, as it undermines the principles of dialogue, cooperation, and respect that underpin ethical social interactions.

In essence, terrorism poses a significant threat to social ethics by directly challenging the values and norms that sustain a just and harmonious society. The indiscriminate nature of terrorist acts undermines the very fabric of ethical conduct, making the pursuit of justice, cooperation, and the common good increasingly challenging within the affected communities.