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Home/MGPE-011

Abstract Classes Latest Questions

Himanshu Kulshreshtha
Himanshu KulshreshthaElite Author
Asked: May 6, 2024In: Political Science

Explain Problems of urban unorganised labour.

Explain Problems of urban unorganised labour.

MGPE-011
  1. Himanshu Kulshreshtha Elite Author
    Added an answer on May 6, 2024 at 3:27 pm

    Urban unorganized labor faces a multitude of challenges due to their precarious employment status and lack of social protections. Here are some of the key problems they encounter: Exploitative Working Conditions: Urban unorganized laborers often work in informal sectors such as construction, streetRead more

    Urban unorganized labor faces a multitude of challenges due to their precarious employment status and lack of social protections. Here are some of the key problems they encounter:

    1. Exploitative Working Conditions: Urban unorganized laborers often work in informal sectors such as construction, street vending, domestic work, and waste picking, where they are subjected to exploitative working conditions. They frequently face long hours, low wages, lack of job security, unsafe working environments, and limited access to labor rights and protections.

    2. Lack of Social Security: One of the major challenges for urban unorganized labor is the absence of social security benefits such as health insurance, retirement pensions, and unemployment benefits. Without access to these essential protections, they are vulnerable to economic shocks, illness, injury, and old age poverty, perpetuating cycles of poverty and inequality.

    3. Limited Access to Education and Skills Training: Many urban unorganized laborers lack formal education and vocational skills training, which limits their ability to access higher-paying and more secure employment opportunities. Without adequate education and training, they remain trapped in low-paying and precarious jobs, perpetuating intergenerational poverty and marginalization.

    4. Inadequate Housing and Basic Services: Urban unorganized laborers often live in overcrowded and substandard housing conditions, lacking access to basic services such as clean water, sanitation, and electricity. Informal settlements and slums where many of them reside are characterized by poor infrastructure, inadequate housing, and limited access to essential services, exacerbating health risks and social vulnerabilities.

    5. Discrimination and Marginalization: Urban unorganized laborers, particularly women, migrants, and members of marginalized communities, often face discrimination, stigma, and social exclusion based on factors such as gender, ethnicity, religion, and caste. Discriminatory practices in the labor market, such as unequal pay, limited job opportunities, and workplace harassment, further marginalize them and perpetuate inequalities.

    Addressing the problems of urban unorganized labor requires comprehensive strategies that address their economic, social, and political vulnerabilities. This includes implementing labor reforms to formalize informal employment, providing access to social security and basic services, promoting inclusive education and skills training, and combating discrimination and social exclusion. Additionally, fostering dialogue and collaboration among governments, employers, trade unions, civil society organizations, and urban communities is essential for creating more inclusive and equitable urban environments where all workers can enjoy their rights and dignity.

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Himanshu Kulshreshtha
Himanshu KulshreshthaElite Author
Asked: May 6, 2024In: Political Science

Explain Human trafficking, gender and environmental issues.

Explain Human trafficking, gender and environmental issues.

MGPE-011
  1. Himanshu Kulshreshtha Elite Author
    Added an answer on May 6, 2024 at 3:26 pm

    Human trafficking intersects with gender and environmental issues in complex ways, exacerbating vulnerabilities and exploitation, particularly among women and marginalized communities. Gender Dynamics: Human trafficking disproportionately affects women and girls, who constitute the majority of victiRead more

    Human trafficking intersects with gender and environmental issues in complex ways, exacerbating vulnerabilities and exploitation, particularly among women and marginalized communities.

    1. Gender Dynamics: Human trafficking disproportionately affects women and girls, who constitute the majority of victims globally. Gender inequalities, including discrimination, limited access to education and economic opportunities, and social norms that devalue women, increase their vulnerability to trafficking. Women and girls are often trafficked for sexual exploitation, forced labor, and domestic servitude, facing multiple forms of violence and abuse.

    2. Environmental Degradation: Environmental factors such as climate change, deforestation, natural disasters, and resource depletion can contribute to human trafficking by exacerbating poverty, displacement, and social instability. Environmental degradation disrupts livelihoods, displaces communities, and increases socio-economic vulnerabilities, driving people into situations of exploitation and trafficking. For example, in regions affected by environmental disasters, such as floods or droughts, traffickers may exploit the desperation of affected populations by offering false promises of employment or safety.

    3. Intersectional Vulnerabilities: Intersectional factors, including gender, socio-economic status, ethnicity, and geographic location, intersect to compound vulnerabilities to trafficking. Marginalized communities, such as indigenous peoples, migrant workers, and those living in poverty, are disproportionately affected by both environmental degradation and trafficking. Women and girls from these communities face heightened risks of exploitation, as they often lack access to resources, social protections, and legal recourse.

    4. Exploitative Labor Practices: Environmental industries such as mining, agriculture, fishing, and forestry are associated with exploitative labor practices and human rights abuses, including trafficking and forced labor. Women and girls working in these sectors are particularly vulnerable to exploitation, facing hazardous working conditions, low wages, and limited access to social protections. Environmental degradation can also lead to the loss of traditional livelihoods, forcing communities to seek alternative sources of income that may expose them to trafficking.

    Addressing the nexus of human trafficking, gender, and environmental issues requires comprehensive approaches that address root causes, empower marginalized communities, and promote gender equality, environmental sustainability, and social justice. Efforts to combat trafficking must prioritize the protection of women and girls, address intersecting forms of discrimination and inequality, and promote sustainable development strategies that mitigate environmental degradation and enhance resilience to climate change. Additionally, strengthening legal frameworks, increasing access to justice and support services, and fostering collaboration among stakeholders are essential for preventing trafficking and ensuring the rights and dignity of all individuals.

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Himanshu Kulshreshtha
Himanshu KulshreshthaElite Author
Asked: May 6, 2024In: Political Science

Explain Development and global warming.

Explain Development and global warming.

MGPE-011
  1. Himanshu Kulshreshtha Elite Author
    Added an answer on May 6, 2024 at 3:25 pm

    Development and global warming are closely intertwined, with the pursuit of economic growth and industrialization often contributing to the phenomenon of climate change. Here's how development activities impact global warming: Industrialization and Emissions: The process of industrialization, dRead more

    Development and global warming are closely intertwined, with the pursuit of economic growth and industrialization often contributing to the phenomenon of climate change. Here's how development activities impact global warming:

    1. Industrialization and Emissions: The process of industrialization, driven by economic development, leads to increased emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O). Industries, transportation, energy production, and agriculture are major sources of GHG emissions, releasing CO2 from burning fossil fuels, methane from livestock and landfills, and nitrous oxide from agricultural practices.

    2. Deforestation and Land Use Change: Development activities, including urbanization, agriculture expansion, and infrastructure development, often result in deforestation and land use change, which contribute to global warming. Deforestation releases stored carbon into the atmosphere, reduces the capacity of forests to sequester carbon dioxide, and disrupts ecosystems, leading to loss of biodiversity and increased vulnerability to climate change impacts.

    3. Energy Consumption: Development is associated with increased energy consumption, particularly from fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas, which release large amounts of CO2 when burned for electricity generation, heating, and transportation. The reliance on fossil fuels for energy contributes significantly to GHG emissions and global warming.

    4. Waste Generation: Development leads to increased production and consumption, resulting in higher levels of waste generation and disposal. Landfills and waste treatment processes emit methane, a potent greenhouse gas, as organic waste decomposes under anaerobic conditions. Improper waste management practices exacerbate global warming by releasing GHGs into the atmosphere.

    5. Vulnerability and Adaptation: Developing countries, particularly low- and middle-income nations, are often more vulnerable to the impacts of global warming due to limited adaptive capacity, inadequate infrastructure, and socio-economic challenges. Climate change exacerbates existing vulnerabilities, affecting food security, water availability, health outcomes, and livelihoods, and posing significant challenges to sustainable development efforts.

    Addressing the relationship between development and global warming requires adopting sustainable development pathways that decouple economic growth from GHG emissions, promote renewable energy sources, improve energy efficiency, conserve ecosystems, and enhance resilience to climate change impacts. Integrated approaches that prioritize climate action, poverty alleviation, social equity, and environmental protection are essential for achieving sustainable development goals while mitigating the adverse effects of global warming on communities and ecosystems.

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Himanshu Kulshreshtha
Himanshu KulshreshthaElite Author
Asked: May 6, 2024In: Political Science

Explain National Food Security Act.

Explain National Food Security Act.

MGPE-011
  1. Himanshu Kulshreshtha Elite Author
    Added an answer on May 6, 2024 at 3:24 pm

    The National Food Security Act (NFSA) of 2013 is a landmark legislation enacted by the Government of India with the aim of ensuring food security for all citizens of the country. Here's an overview of the key provisions and objectives of the National Food Security Act: Coverage and EntitlementsRead more

    The National Food Security Act (NFSA) of 2013 is a landmark legislation enacted by the Government of India with the aim of ensuring food security for all citizens of the country. Here's an overview of the key provisions and objectives of the National Food Security Act:

    1. Coverage and Entitlements: The NFSA aims to provide subsidized food grains to identified beneficiaries through the Public Distribution System (PDS). It guarantees legal entitlements to food grains to priority households and Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) households, covering up to 75% of the rural population and 50% of the urban population.

    2. Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS): Under the NFSA, the TPDS is restructured to provide food grains at subsidized rates to eligible households. Priority households are entitled to receive 5 kilograms of food grains per person per month, while AAY households receive 35 kilograms per household per month.

    3. Identification of Beneficiaries: The NFSA mandates the identification of eligible households through a transparent and accountable process. State governments are responsible for identifying and updating the list of beneficiaries based on specified criteria, including income levels, social status, and vulnerability indicators.

    4. Nutritional Support: The NFSA emphasizes the importance of ensuring adequate nutrition for vulnerable groups, including pregnant women, lactating mothers, and children under the age of 14. It provides for the provision of nutritious food items such as pulses, oils, and fortified food grains through the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) and the Mid-Day Meal (MDM) schemes.

    5. Grievance Redressal Mechanism: The NFSA establishes a grievance redressal mechanism to address complaints related to the delivery of food grains and other entitlements under the Act. It mandates the appointment of District Grievance Redressal Officers (DGROs) and State Food Commissions to oversee the implementation of the Act and ensure accountability and transparency in the distribution of food grains.

    Overall, the National Food Security Act represents a significant step towards addressing food insecurity and malnutrition in India by guaranteeing legal entitlements to food grains for eligible households and providing nutritional support to vulnerable groups. It reflects the government's commitment to ensuring the right to food and promoting the well-being of all citizens.

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Himanshu Kulshreshtha
Himanshu KulshreshthaElite Author
Asked: May 6, 2024In: Political Science

Explain The 1993 Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action.

Explain The 1993 Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action.

MGPE-011
  1. Himanshu Kulshreshtha Elite Author
    Added an answer on May 6, 2024 at 3:23 pm

    The 1993 Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action (VDPA) was adopted at the World Conference on Human Rights held in Vienna, Austria. It serves as a landmark document in the field of human rights, reaffirming the universal significance of human rights and setting out a comprehensive framework forRead more

    The 1993 Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action (VDPA) was adopted at the World Conference on Human Rights held in Vienna, Austria. It serves as a landmark document in the field of human rights, reaffirming the universal significance of human rights and setting out a comprehensive framework for their promotion and protection. Here's an overview of the key elements of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action:

    1. Universality of Human Rights: The VDPA reaffirms that human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent, and interrelated, applying to all individuals regardless of their nationality, race, religion, gender, or political affiliation. It emphasizes that human rights are inherent to all human beings and must be upheld without discrimination.

    2. Promotion and Protection of Human Rights: The VDPA calls for increased efforts to promote and protect human rights at the national, regional, and international levels. It emphasizes the importance of effective implementation of international human rights instruments, including treaties, conventions, and declarations, and calls on states to ratify and adhere to these instruments.

    3. Strengthening of Human Rights Mechanisms: The VDPA calls for strengthening of existing human rights mechanisms, including treaty bodies, special rapporteurs, and other monitoring mechanisms, to enhance their effectiveness in addressing human rights violations and promoting accountability. It also calls for greater cooperation and coordination among states and international organizations in the field of human rights.

    4. Empowerment of Civil Society: The VDPA recognizes the crucial role of civil society organizations, human rights defenders, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in promoting and protecting human rights. It calls for the empowerment and protection of civil society actors and emphasizes the importance of their participation in decision-making processes related to human rights.

    5. Comprehensive Approach to Human Rights: The VDPA adopts a holistic approach to human rights, recognizing the interdependence and interrelatedness of civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights. It calls for greater attention to economic, social, and cultural rights, as well as to issues such as gender equality, racial discrimination, indigenous rights, and the rights of children, refugees, and other vulnerable groups.

    Overall, the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action reaffirms the global commitment to human rights and provides a comprehensive framework for advancing the promotion and protection of human rights worldwide. It serves as a guiding document for governments, international organizations, civil society, and other stakeholders in their efforts to uphold human dignity and ensure the realization of human rights for all.

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Himanshu Kulshreshtha
Himanshu KulshreshthaElite Author
Asked: May 6, 2024In: Political Science

Explain Human security at global level.

Explain Human security at global level.

MGPE-011
  1. Himanshu Kulshreshtha Elite Author
    Added an answer on May 6, 2024 at 3:22 pm

    Human security at the global level refers to the protection and promotion of the safety, dignity, and well-being of individuals and communities worldwide. It encompasses a broad range of interconnected threats and challenges, including armed conflict, terrorism, pandemics, environmental degradation,Read more

    Human security at the global level refers to the protection and promotion of the safety, dignity, and well-being of individuals and communities worldwide. It encompasses a broad range of interconnected threats and challenges, including armed conflict, terrorism, pandemics, environmental degradation, poverty, and human rights abuses. Here's how human security is addressed at the global level:

    1. Multilateral Cooperation: Global institutions such as the United Nations (UN), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the International Labour Organization (ILO) play a central role in promoting human security through multilateral cooperation and collaboration. These institutions facilitate dialogue, coordinate responses, and mobilize resources to address shared challenges and protect vulnerable populations.

    2. International Law and Norms: International legal frameworks and human rights norms provide the foundation for promoting human security at the global level. Treaties, conventions, and agreements establish standards and obligations for states to respect, protect, and fulfill the rights and freedoms of individuals, including the right to life, liberty, and security of person.

    3. Peace and Conflict Resolution: Preventing and resolving armed conflicts is essential for promoting human security and preventing humanitarian crises. Diplomatic efforts, peacekeeping operations, and mediation initiatives led by the UN and other international organizations aim to facilitate dialogue, negotiate ceasefires, and address root causes of conflict to protect civilians and promote stability.

    4. Global Health and Pandemic Response: Ensuring access to healthcare and addressing global health threats are critical components of human security. International cooperation on health issues, such as disease surveillance, vaccine distribution, and pandemic preparedness, helps to prevent the spread of infectious diseases and protect public health.

    5. Environmental Sustainability: Environmental degradation and climate change pose significant threats to human security, including risks to food and water security, displacement, and natural disasters. Global initiatives such as the Paris Agreement on climate change and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aim to promote environmental sustainability and resilience to protect the well-being of present and future generations.

    6. Economic Development and Poverty Reduction: Addressing poverty, inequality, and economic insecurity is essential for promoting human security and reducing vulnerability to exploitation and violence. Global efforts to promote sustainable development, invest in education and healthcare, and eradicate poverty aim to create more inclusive and equitable societies where all individuals can thrive.

    By addressing these interconnected challenges and promoting cooperation among states, international organizations, civil society, and other stakeholders, the global community can advance human security and create a more peaceful, just, and sustainable world for all.

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Himanshu Kulshreshtha
Himanshu KulshreshthaElite Author
Asked: May 6, 2024In: Political Science

Explain International Cooperation: Issues and challenges.

Explain International Cooperation: Issues and challenges.

MGPE-011
  1. Himanshu Kulshreshtha Elite Author
    Added an answer on May 6, 2024 at 3:21 pm

    International cooperation plays a crucial role in addressing global challenges such as climate change, pandemics, terrorism, poverty, and conflict. However, several issues and challenges can hinder effective cooperation among nations: Political Differences: Divergent political interests and ideologiRead more

    International cooperation plays a crucial role in addressing global challenges such as climate change, pandemics, terrorism, poverty, and conflict. However, several issues and challenges can hinder effective cooperation among nations:

    1. Political Differences: Divergent political interests and ideologies among countries can impede cooperation on shared challenges. Disagreements over issues such as sovereignty, human rights, trade, and security can create barriers to consensus and collaboration, particularly in multilateral forums such as the United Nations.

    2. Power Imbalances: Power disparities between countries, particularly between developed and developing nations, can undermine equitable and inclusive cooperation. Wealthier and more powerful countries may dominate decision-making processes, marginalizing the voices and priorities of smaller and less influential nations. Addressing power imbalances is essential for ensuring that international cooperation is fair, transparent, and representative of diverse perspectives and interests.

    3. Resource Constraints: Limited financial resources, technical capacity, and institutional capabilities can constrain countries' ability to participate effectively in international cooperation initiatives. Developing countries, in particular, may face challenges in accessing funding, technology, and expertise needed to address pressing global issues such as climate change, health crises, and economic development.

    4. National Interests: Countries often prioritize their national interests and domestic agendas over collective action and cooperation. Concerns about sovereignty, security, and economic competitiveness can lead to reluctance to commit to international agreements or comply with shared commitments, undermining the effectiveness of cooperation efforts.

    5. Trust and Confidence: Trust deficits and geopolitical tensions between countries can erode confidence in international cooperation mechanisms and hinder collaboration on common challenges. Historical grievances, territorial disputes, and rivalries can create mistrust and suspicion, making it difficult to build consensus and forge durable partnerships.

    6. Coordination and Implementation: Ensuring effective coordination and implementation of international agreements and commitments poses significant challenges. Fragmentation, duplication, and lack of coherence among international initiatives and institutions can hamper coordination efforts and result in inefficient use of resources. Strengthening mechanisms for monitoring, evaluation, and accountability is essential for ensuring that international cooperation efforts deliver tangible results and impact.

    Addressing these issues and challenges requires sustained political will, leadership, and commitment from governments, civil society organizations, and other stakeholders. Building trust, fostering dialogue, promoting inclusivity, and investing in capacity-building efforts are essential for overcoming barriers to effective international cooperation and advancing shared goals for global peace, prosperity, and sustainable development.

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Himanshu Kulshreshtha
Himanshu KulshreshthaElite Author
Asked: May 6, 2024In: Political Science

Explain Abolition of bonded labour.

Explain Abolition of bonded labour.

MGPE-011
  1. Himanshu Kulshreshtha Elite Author
    Added an answer on May 6, 2024 at 3:19 pm

    The abolition of bonded labor refers to the legal and social process of ending the practice of forced labor, where individuals are compelled to work in exchange for repayment of a debt or other obligation. Bonded labor often involves exploitative working conditions, restricted freedom of movement, aRead more

    The abolition of bonded labor refers to the legal and social process of ending the practice of forced labor, where individuals are compelled to work in exchange for repayment of a debt or other obligation. Bonded labor often involves exploitative working conditions, restricted freedom of movement, and violations of basic human rights. Here's how the abolition of bonded labor typically occurs:

    1. Legal Reforms: Governments enact legislation and policies to prohibit and criminalize bonded labor, recognizing it as a form of modern slavery and a violation of human rights. These laws provide legal protections for workers, impose penalties on perpetrators, and establish mechanisms for enforcement and redress for victims of bonded labor.

    2. Rehabilitation and Support: Alongside legal reforms, efforts are made to rehabilitate and support individuals who have been freed from bonded labor. This includes providing access to education, vocational training, healthcare, and psychosocial support services to help survivors rebuild their lives and reintegrate into society.

    3. Awareness and Advocacy: Civil society organizations, human rights activists, and community leaders play a crucial role in raising awareness about bonded labor, advocating for policy changes, and mobilizing support for the abolition of this practice. Public campaigns, media outreach, and community education efforts help to shine a spotlight on the issue and mobilize public opinion against bonded labor.

    4. Economic Empowerment: Addressing the root causes of bonded labor requires addressing underlying economic inequalities, poverty, and social exclusion that perpetuate vulnerability to exploitation. Economic empowerment programs, including access to livelihood opportunities, microfinance, land rights, and social protection measures, help to reduce the risk of individuals falling into debt bondage and exploitation.

    5. International Cooperation: The abolition of bonded labor often requires international cooperation and collaboration, particularly in cases where bonded labor crosses national borders or involves multinational corporations. International organizations, such as the International Labour Organization (ILO), provide technical assistance, capacity-building support, and advocacy efforts to promote the eradication of bonded labor worldwide.

    Overall, the abolition of bonded labor requires a comprehensive approach that addresses legal, social, economic, and cultural dimensions of exploitation and inequality. By enacting and enforcing laws, providing support to survivors, raising awareness, promoting economic empowerment, and fostering international cooperation, societies can work towards eradicating this form of modern slavery and ensuring that all individuals are able to live and work in dignity, free from exploitation and coercion.

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Himanshu Kulshreshtha
Himanshu KulshreshthaElite Author
Asked: May 6, 2024In: Political Science

Explain Food security and its significance.

Explain Food security and its significance.

MGPE-011
  1. Himanshu Kulshreshtha Elite Author
    Added an answer on May 6, 2024 at 3:18 pm

    Food security refers to the condition in which all people, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. It encompasses four main dimensions: Availability: SufficieRead more

    Food security refers to the condition in which all people, at all times, have physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. It encompasses four main dimensions:

    1. Availability: Sufficient quantities of food must be consistently available through production, distribution, and trade mechanisms.

    2. Access: Individuals must have the economic means and physical access to obtain an adequate amount of nutritious food.

    3. Utilization: Food must be utilized effectively by the body to meet nutritional needs and support overall health.

    4. Stability: Access to food must be stable over time, without significant fluctuations or disruptions due to factors such as economic shocks, natural disasters, or conflict.

    Food security is essential for ensuring the well-being, health, and productivity of individuals and communities. It has significant implications for public health, economic development, social stability, and environmental sustainability. Here's why food security is significant:

    1. Health and Nutrition: Access to an adequate and balanced diet is essential for maintaining good health, preventing malnutrition, and reducing the risk of diet-related diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Food security ensures that individuals have access to nutritious foods that support their physical and cognitive development, particularly during critical stages such as pregnancy, infancy, and childhood.

    2. Economic Development: Food security is closely linked to economic development and poverty alleviation. Ensuring access to food helps to enhance productivity, reduce absenteeism, and promote economic growth by enabling individuals to participate fully in education, employment, and other productive activities. Moreover, food security contributes to social stability and resilience by reducing the risk of food-related conflicts and social unrest.

    3. Social Equity: Food security is a fundamental human right and a key element of social justice. Ensuring equitable access to food helps to reduce disparities and inequalities within society, particularly among vulnerable and marginalized populations such as women, children, the elderly, and rural communities. Promoting food security requires addressing underlying structural factors such as poverty, inequality, and social exclusion that contribute to food insecurity and malnutrition.

    4. Environmental Sustainability: Achieving food security requires sustainable agricultural practices that preserve natural resources, protect biodiversity, and mitigate climate change. Sustainable food production and consumption patterns are essential for safeguarding ecosystems, water resources, and soil fertility for future generations. Promoting food security through sustainable agriculture helps to build resilience to environmental shocks and ensure the long-term viability of food systems.

    In summary, food security is critical for promoting human well-being, economic development, social equity, and environmental sustainability. By ensuring access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food for all people, societies can foster healthier, more prosperous, and resilient communities. Efforts to promote food security must address the underlying causes of food insecurity, including poverty, inequality, and environmental degradation, while promoting sustainable and inclusive food systems that meet the needs of present and future generations.

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Himanshu Kulshreshtha
Himanshu KulshreshthaElite Author
Asked: May 6, 2024In: Political Science

Explain Poverty as structural violence.

Explain Poverty as structural violence.

MGPE-011
  1. Himanshu Kulshreshtha Elite Author
    Added an answer on May 6, 2024 at 3:17 pm

    Poverty is often conceptualized as a form of structural violence because it is not merely a result of individual circumstances or choices, but rather a systemic and institutionalized phenomenon that perpetuates inequality and injustice. Structural violence refers to the social, political, and economRead more

    Poverty is often conceptualized as a form of structural violence because it is not merely a result of individual circumstances or choices, but rather a systemic and institutionalized phenomenon that perpetuates inequality and injustice. Structural violence refers to the social, political, and economic structures and systems that systematically disadvantage certain groups of people, denying them access to basic rights, resources, and opportunities.

    In the context of poverty, structural violence manifests through a variety of interconnected factors, including unequal distribution of wealth and resources, systemic discrimination based on factors such as race, gender, or caste, and inadequate access to essential services such as education, healthcare, and employment opportunities. These structural factors create and perpetuate conditions of deprivation, exclusion, and marginalization for millions of people around the world.

    Poverty as structural violence reflects the ways in which social and economic systems prioritize the interests of the wealthy and powerful while marginalizing and disempowering the poor and vulnerable. It is sustained by policies and practices that prioritize profit over human well-being, perpetuate cycles of exploitation and oppression, and maintain existing power imbalances and inequalities.

    Addressing poverty as structural violence requires addressing the root causes of inequality and injustice, challenging unjust systems and policies, and promoting social and economic reforms that prioritize the needs and rights of marginalized communities. This includes efforts to promote equitable distribution of resources, ensure access to quality education and healthcare for all, and empower marginalized groups to participate fully in decision-making processes that affect their lives. By recognizing poverty as a form of structural violence, societies can work towards creating more just, inclusive, and equitable systems that uphold the dignity and rights of all individuals.

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