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Home/MRD-202

Abstract Classes Latest Questions

Himanshu Kulshreshtha
Himanshu KulshreshthaElite Author
Asked: April 28, 2024In: Rural development

Explain National Rural Livelihoods Mission.

Explain National Rural Livelihoods Mission.

MRD-202
  1. Himanshu Kulshreshtha Elite Author
    Added an answer on April 28, 2024 at 12:29 pm

    The National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) is a flagship program launched by the Government of India in June 2011 to alleviate poverty and promote inclusive and sustainable rural development. NRLM aims to mobilize rural poor households into self-help groups (SHGs) and their federations, build theRead more

    The National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) is a flagship program launched by the Government of India in June 2011 to alleviate poverty and promote inclusive and sustainable rural development. NRLM aims to mobilize rural poor households into self-help groups (SHGs) and their federations, build their capacities, and empower them to access financial services, livelihood opportunities, and social entitlements. Key features of NRLM include:

    1. Social Mobilization: NRLM focuses on organizing rural poor households, particularly women, into SHGs to foster collective action, mutual support, and empowerment through savings, credit, and social capital formation.

    2. Financial Inclusion: The mission promotes access to formal financial services such as credit, savings, insurance, and remittances for SHGs and their members to enhance their financial resilience, income-generation capabilities, and asset-building.

    3. Livelihood Promotion: NRLM supports the diversification of rural livelihoods through skill development, enterprise promotion, value chain development, and market linkages to create sustainable income opportunities and enhance household incomes.

    4. Institution Building: NRLM strengthens community-based institutions such as SHGs, village organizations (VOs), and cluster-level federations to facilitate participatory planning, decision-making, and implementation of livelihood interventions.

    5. Convergence and Partnerships: NRLM promotes convergence with other government programs and stakeholders to leverage resources, expertise, and infrastructure for holistic and integrated rural development.

    Overall, the National Rural Livelihoods Mission aims to empower rural poor households, particularly women, to improve their livelihoods, reduce poverty, and enhance their socio-economic status through collective action, financial inclusion, and livelihood promotion initiatives.

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Himanshu Kulshreshtha
Himanshu KulshreshthaElite Author
Asked: April 28, 2024In: Rural development

Explain Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana.

Explain Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana.

MRD-202
  1. Himanshu Kulshreshtha Elite Author
    Added an answer on April 28, 2024 at 12:28 pm

    Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) was a rural employment scheme launched by the Government of India in September 2001, which later merged with the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) in 2005. The scheme aimed to provide wage employment opportunities to unemployed ruRead more

    Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) was a rural employment scheme launched by the Government of India in September 2001, which later merged with the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) in 2005. The scheme aimed to provide wage employment opportunities to unemployed rural poor, including women and marginalized communities, and to create durable community assets for rural development. Key features of SGRY included:

    1. Employment Generation: SGRY aimed to generate wage employment for rural households living below the poverty line through the execution of public works projects such as construction of roads, bridges, irrigation facilities, and rural infrastructure.
    2. Resource Utilization: The scheme focused on the optimal utilization of local resources, labor-intensive techniques, and community participation in project planning, implementation, and management to enhance rural livelihoods and asset creation.
    3. Skill Development: SGRY provided opportunities for skill development and capacity building of rural workers through on-the-job training, technical assistance, and vocational education to enhance their employability and income-earning potential.
    4. Poverty Alleviation: The scheme aimed to alleviate poverty, reduce unemployment, and improve living standards in rural areas by providing regular and reliable wage employment to rural households, thereby enhancing their purchasing power and economic well-being.
    5. Empowerment and Participation: SGRY emphasized community empowerment, social inclusion, and decentralized decision-making processes by involving local institutions such as Gram Panchayats, self-help groups, and NGOs in program implementation and monitoring.
      Overall, Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana aimed to address the dual objectives of rural employment generation and asset creation, thereby promoting inclusive and sustainable rural development in India.
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Himanshu Kulshreshtha
Himanshu KulshreshthaElite Author
Asked: April 28, 2024In: Rural development

Explain Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.

Explain Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.

MRD-202
  1. Himanshu Kulshreshtha Elite Author
    Added an answer on April 28, 2024 at 12:28 pm

    Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA) is a nation-wide cleanliness and sanitation campaign launched by the Government of India on October 2, 2014, to achieve the vision of a Clean India. The mission aims to eliminate open defecation, improve solid waste management practices, and promote hygiene and sanitationRead more

    Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA) is a nation-wide cleanliness and sanitation campaign launched by the Government of India on October 2, 2014, to achieve the vision of a Clean India. The mission aims to eliminate open defecation, improve solid waste management practices, and promote hygiene and sanitation across urban and rural areas. Key objectives of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan include:

    1. Construction of toilets: The campaign focuses on building household toilets, community toilets, and public toilets to ensure universal access to sanitation facilities, particularly in rural areas.
    2. Behavior change: SBA emphasizes behavioral change through awareness campaigns, community mobilization, and social marketing to promote the adoption of safe sanitation and hygiene practices.
    3. Waste management: The mission promotes segregation of waste at source, recycling and composting of biodegradable waste, and scientific disposal of solid waste to improve cleanliness and environmental sustainability.
    4. Cleanliness drives: Swachh Bharat Abhiyan organizes cleanliness drives, mass cleanliness campaigns, and public awareness events to encourage citizen participation and engagement in keeping their surroundings clean and hygienic.
    5. Institutional mechanisms: The campaign establishes institutional mechanisms such as Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) committees, sanitation task forces, and monitoring mechanisms at various levels to oversee program implementation, track progress, and ensure accountability.
      Through Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, the government aims to create a Clean India by 2nd October 2019, the 150th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, by promoting a culture of cleanliness, hygiene, and sanitation among all sections of society.
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Himanshu Kulshreshtha
Himanshu KulshreshthaElite Author
Asked: April 28, 2024In: Rural development

Explain Benefits of Rural Telecommunication Connectivity.

Explain Benefits of Rural Telecommunication Connectivity.

MRD-202
  1. Himanshu Kulshreshtha Elite Author
    Added an answer on April 28, 2024 at 12:27 pm

    Rural telecommunication connectivity offers numerous benefits that contribute to the socio-economic development and well-being of rural communities: Improved Communication: Telecommunication connectivity enables rural residents to communicate with family members, friends, and businesses locally andRead more

    Rural telecommunication connectivity offers numerous benefits that contribute to the socio-economic development and well-being of rural communities:

    1. Improved Communication: Telecommunication connectivity enables rural residents to communicate with family members, friends, and businesses locally and globally, fostering social connections, reducing isolation, and promoting community cohesion.

    2. Access to Information and Services: Telecommunication networks provide rural residents with access to information, education, healthcare, government services, market prices, weather updates, and agricultural extension services, enhancing their knowledge, decision-making, and quality of life.

    3. Economic Opportunities: Telecommunication connectivity facilitates e-commerce, digital payments, online marketplaces, and remote work opportunities, enabling rural entrepreneurs, farmers, and businesses to access markets, attract investment, and diversify income sources.

    4. Agricultural Development: Telecommunication technologies such as mobile phones, internet, and satellite-based services support precision farming, crop monitoring, weather forecasting, and agricultural extension services, enhancing productivity, resilience, and sustainability in rural agriculture.

    5. Healthcare Delivery: Telemedicine, mobile health apps, and teleconsultation services enable rural residents to access healthcare services, medical advice, and remote diagnosis, reducing barriers to healthcare access, improving health outcomes, and saving lives.

    6. Education and Skill Development: Telecommunication connectivity facilitates e-learning, digital classrooms, online courses, and vocational training programs, enabling rural residents to acquire knowledge, skills, and qualifications for employment, entrepreneurship, and lifelong learning.

    7. Disaster Management: Telecommunication networks play a critical role in disaster preparedness, early warning systems, emergency response, and relief operations, enabling authorities to coordinate rescue efforts, disseminate information, and provide assistance to affected communities in rural areas.

    8. Governance and Participation: Telecommunication connectivity promotes citizen engagement, democratic participation, and transparency in governance by enabling rural residents to access government services, participate in decision-making processes, and hold authorities accountable for service delivery and development outcomes.

    Overall, rural telecommunication connectivity is a catalyst for inclusive development, empowering rural communities, reducing disparities, and unlocking opportunities for socio-economic advancement in remote and underserved areas.

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Himanshu Kulshreshtha
Himanshu KulshreshthaElite Author
Asked: April 28, 2024In: Rural development

Explain Hill Area Development Programme.

Explain Hill Area Development Programme.

MRD-202
  1. Himanshu Kulshreshtha Elite Author
    Added an answer on April 28, 2024 at 12:26 pm

    The Hill Area Development Programme (HADP) is a government initiative aimed at promoting the socio-economic development of hilly and mountainous regions in India. Launched by the Government of India, HADP focuses on addressing the unique challenges faced by hill areas, including geographical isolatiRead more

    The Hill Area Development Programme (HADP) is a government initiative aimed at promoting the socio-economic development of hilly and mountainous regions in India. Launched by the Government of India, HADP focuses on addressing the unique challenges faced by hill areas, including geographical isolation, rugged terrain, limited infrastructure, and fragile ecosystems. The programme aims to improve the quality of life and livelihoods of communities residing in hilly regions by promoting sustainable development, infrastructure development, and natural resource management. Key components of HADP include the construction of roads, bridges, water supply systems, irrigation facilities, and other basic infrastructure to enhance connectivity and access to essential services. Additionally, HADP supports initiatives for agriculture and horticulture development, soil conservation, afforestation, tourism promotion, and capacity-building to empower local communities and promote inclusive growth in hill areas. By focusing on the specific needs and challenges of hilly regions, HADP aims to bridge the development gap, reduce poverty, and promote environmental sustainability in these ecologically sensitive areas.

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Himanshu Kulshreshtha
Himanshu KulshreshthaElite Author
Asked: April 28, 2024In: Rural development

Explain Social Forestry.

Explain Social Forestry.

MRD-202
  1. Himanshu Kulshreshtha Elite Author
    Added an answer on April 28, 2024 at 12:25 pm

    Social forestry is a concept that involves the management and conservation of forests and tree resources in collaboration with local communities for meeting their needs and promoting environmental sustainability. It aims to address socio-economic and ecological challenges by involving communities inRead more

    Social forestry is a concept that involves the management and conservation of forests and tree resources in collaboration with local communities for meeting their needs and promoting environmental sustainability. It aims to address socio-economic and ecological challenges by involving communities in the sustainable management, protection, and utilization of forest resources. Social forestry initiatives typically focus on the planting of trees, afforestation, reforestation, and agroforestry practices in non-forest areas such as degraded lands, wastelands, farmlands, and community spaces. The key objectives of social forestry include poverty alleviation, rural development, biodiversity conservation, watershed management, climate change mitigation, and enhancing livelihoods through sustainable forest-based enterprises. Social forestry programs engage local communities in planning, implementing, and monitoring forest activities, thereby promoting community participation, empowerment, and ownership of forest resources. By integrating environmental conservation with socio-economic development, social forestry contributes to sustainable land use, natural resource management, and ecological resilience, while addressing the needs and aspirations of local communities for improved livelihoods and well-being.

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Himanshu Kulshreshtha
Himanshu KulshreshthaElite Author
Asked: April 28, 2024In: Rural development

Explain Dimensions of Food Security.

Explain Dimensions of Food Security.

MRD-202
  1. Himanshu Kulshreshtha Elite Author
    Added an answer on April 28, 2024 at 12:24 pm

    Food security encompasses four dimensions: Availability: This refers to the physical availability of food within a region or country. It involves factors such as food production, imports, exports, and food stocks. Adequate availability ensures that sufficient food is accessible to meet the dietary nRead more

    Food security encompasses four dimensions:

    1. Availability: This refers to the physical availability of food within a region or country. It involves factors such as food production, imports, exports, and food stocks. Adequate availability ensures that sufficient food is accessible to meet the dietary needs of the population.

    2. Accessibility: Accessibility focuses on the economic and physical access to food by individuals and households. It includes factors such as food prices, income levels, transportation infrastructure, market functioning, and social safety nets. Ensuring accessibility ensures that individuals can obtain food without facing financial or logistical barriers.

    3. Utilization: Utilization refers to the nutritional quality and safety of food consumed by individuals. It involves factors such as dietary diversity, food safety, hygiene practices, and access to clean water and sanitation facilities. Optimal utilization ensures that individuals can consume a balanced and nutritious diet to meet their dietary requirements.

    4. Stability: Stability refers to the resilience of food systems and households to shocks and disruptions, such as natural disasters, economic crises, or conflict. It involves factors such as food price volatility, market fluctuations, social protection mechanisms, and disaster preparedness measures. Enhancing stability ensures that food security is sustained over time, even in the face of external shocks and uncertainties.

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Himanshu Kulshreshtha
Himanshu KulshreshthaElite Author
Asked: April 28, 2024In: Rural development

Explain Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana.

Explain Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana.

MRD-202
  1. Himanshu Kulshreshtha Elite Author
    Added an answer on April 28, 2024 at 12:23 pm

    Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY) is a rural development initiative launched by the Government of India in October 2014. The scheme aims to transform rural areas into model villages, known as Adarsh Grams, by leveraging the resources and efforts of Members of Parliament (MPs) and other stakeholders.Read more

    Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY) is a rural development initiative launched by the Government of India in October 2014. The scheme aims to transform rural areas into model villages, known as Adarsh Grams, by leveraging the resources and efforts of Members of Parliament (MPs) and other stakeholders. Under the scheme, each MP adopts one village in their constituency and works towards its holistic development across various sectors such as health, education, sanitation, infrastructure, and livelihoods. The key objectives of SAGY include improving the quality of life, enhancing social inclusion, and promoting sustainable development in rural communities. MPs are expected to facilitate the planning, implementation, and monitoring of development projects in their adopted villages in collaboration with local governments, community organizations, and other stakeholders. SAGY emphasizes participatory approaches, community engagement, and convergence with existing rural development schemes to ensure the effective implementation and sustainability of development interventions in Adarsh Grams.

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Himanshu Kulshreshtha
Himanshu KulshreshthaElite Author
Asked: April 28, 2024In: Rural development

Discuss in brief important features of Skill Development Programmes in India.

Discuss in brief important features of Skill Development Programmes in India.

MRD-202
  1. Himanshu Kulshreshtha Elite Author
    Added an answer on April 28, 2024 at 12:22 pm

    Skill Development Programmes in India are initiatives aimed at enhancing the employability, productivity, and entrepreneurship capabilities of the country's workforce. These programmes are crucial for addressing the growing demand for skilled manpower across various sectors and promoting inclusRead more

    Skill Development Programmes in India are initiatives aimed at enhancing the employability, productivity, and entrepreneurship capabilities of the country's workforce. These programmes are crucial for addressing the growing demand for skilled manpower across various sectors and promoting inclusive economic growth and development. Here are some important features of Skill Development Programmes in India:

    1. Diverse Target Audience:
    Skill Development Programmes in India cater to a diverse range of target audiences, including youth, women, rural populations, disadvantaged communities, and informal sector workers. These programmes aim to bridge the skill gap and provide training and certification opportunities to individuals from different socio-economic backgrounds and educational levels.

    2. Sector-specific Training:
    Skill Development Programmes focus on imparting sector-specific training and vocational skills relevant to the needs of industries and employers. Training programmes cover a wide range of sectors such as manufacturing, construction, healthcare, information technology, tourism, agriculture, and retail, among others. The curriculum is designed in consultation with industry experts and stakeholders to ensure alignment with market demands and job requirements.

    3. Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL):
    Many Skill Development Programmes in India offer Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) mechanisms to assess and certify the skills and competencies acquired through informal work experience or non-formal training. RPL enables individuals to obtain formal recognition for their existing skills, enhancing their employability and career progression opportunities.

    4. Modular and Flexible Training:
    Skill Development Programmes often adopt modular and flexible training approaches that allow learners to acquire skills in a phased manner and at their own pace. Modular training enables participants to complete specific skill modules or units and receive certification, facilitating entry into the workforce or further skill advancement through additional training.

    5. Industry Partnerships and Collaboration:
    Skill Development Programmes foster partnerships and collaboration with industry associations, employers, training providers, and government agencies to ensure the relevance and quality of training. Industry tie-ups facilitate industry exposure, internships, on-the-job training, and placement assistance for trainees, enhancing their job readiness and employability.

    6. Entrepreneurship Promotion:
    Skill Development Programmes promote entrepreneurship development by providing training, mentoring, and financial support to aspiring entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship training programmes cover various aspects such as business planning, financial management, marketing, and technology adoption, enabling individuals to start and manage their own enterprises effectively.

    7. Technology-enabled Learning:
    Skill Development Programmes leverage technology-enabled learning platforms, digital tools, and online resources to deliver training and education remotely. E-learning modules, mobile apps, virtual classrooms, and interactive multimedia content enhance accessibility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness of skill development initiatives, particularly in remote and rural areas.

    8. Inclusive Approach:
    Skill Development Programmes adopt an inclusive approach to ensure equitable access and participation of marginalized groups, including women, persons with disabilities, scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, and minorities. Special provisions such as reserved seats, stipends, transportation assistance, and childcare facilities are provided to promote inclusivity and address barriers to participation.

    9. Quality Assurance and Assessment:
    Skill Development Programmes prioritize quality assurance and assessment mechanisms to maintain standards and ensure the relevance and effectiveness of training. Accreditation, certification, and assessment bodies conduct regular evaluations of training providers, trainers, and trainees to uphold quality standards and address deficiencies in training delivery and outcomes.

    10. Employment Placement and Post-training Support:
    Skill Development Programmes offer employment placement services, job fairs, and career counseling to facilitate the transition of trained individuals into gainful employment opportunities. Post-training support services such as job retention assistance, follow-up monitoring, and alumni networks help ensure the sustainability of employment outcomes and promote lifelong learning and skill upgrading.

    In conclusion, Skill Development Programmes in India play a vital role in equipping individuals with the skills, knowledge, and competencies needed to succeed in the labor market and contribute to economic growth and development. By addressing the skill gap, promoting entrepreneurship, fostering industry collaboration, and ensuring inclusivity, these programmes empower individuals to realize their full potential and participate meaningfully in India's socio-economic transformation.

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Himanshu Kulshreshtha
Himanshu KulshreshthaElite Author
Asked: April 28, 2024In: Rural development

Describe common aspects of National Social Assistance Programmes.

Describe common aspects of National Social Assistance Programmes.

MRD-202
  1. Himanshu Kulshreshtha Elite Author
    Added an answer on April 28, 2024 at 12:21 pm

    National Social Assistance Programmes (NSAPs) are a set of centrally sponsored schemes launched by the Government of India aimed at providing financial assistance and social support to vulnerable and marginalized populations. NSAPs target various groups such as the elderly, widows, persons with disaRead more

    National Social Assistance Programmes (NSAPs) are a set of centrally sponsored schemes launched by the Government of India aimed at providing financial assistance and social support to vulnerable and marginalized populations. NSAPs target various groups such as the elderly, widows, persons with disabilities, and destitute individuals who are unable to support themselves financially. While the specific eligibility criteria and benefits may vary across schemes, there are several common aspects shared by most NSAPs:

    1. Target Beneficiaries:
    NSAPs primarily target vulnerable and marginalized populations who are economically disadvantaged and lack adequate social support networks. These include:

    • Elderly individuals (age 60 years and above)
    • Widows
    • Persons with disabilities (PWDs)
    • Destitute individuals
    • Families living below the poverty line (BPL)

    2. Financial Assistance:
    One of the key features of NSAPs is the provision of financial assistance in the form of monthly pensions or social security benefits to eligible beneficiaries. The amount of financial assistance varies depending on the category of beneficiaries and may be revised periodically by the government. Financial assistance aims to provide a basic income support to vulnerable individuals and households to meet their basic needs and improve their quality of life.

    3. Pensions:
    Pensions are a common component of NSAPs and are provided to eligible beneficiaries in the form of old-age pension, widow pension, disability pension, and other categories of pensions. Old-age pensions are typically provided to elderly individuals who have reached the age of 60 years and are unable to support themselves financially. Widow pensions are provided to women whose husbands have passed away and who lack adequate means of support. Disability pensions are provided to persons with disabilities who are unable to earn a livelihood due to their disability.

    4. Eligibility Criteria:
    NSAPs have specific eligibility criteria that determine who qualifies for benefits under the scheme. Eligibility criteria typically include factors such as age, marital status, income level, disability status, and family composition. Beneficiaries must meet these criteria to receive financial assistance under the programme. Additionally, NSAPs may prioritize certain categories of beneficiaries based on vulnerability and social need.

    5. Identification and Registration:
    Beneficiaries of NSAPs are identified and registered through a process of verification and documentation conducted by local authorities, such as Gram Panchayats or urban local bodies. Eligible individuals are required to submit necessary documents, such as age proof, identity proof, income certificate, disability certificate (if applicable), and bank account details, to enroll in the programme. The registration process ensures transparency and accountability in the selection of beneficiaries and the disbursement of benefits.

    6. Delivery Mechanism:
    NSAP benefits are typically delivered through direct benefit transfer (DBT) into the bank accounts of eligible beneficiaries. The use of digital payment systems and Aadhaar-based authentication ensures timely and efficient delivery of benefits, reduces leakages and corruption, and enhances transparency and accountability in the disbursement process. Beneficiaries can withdraw their pension amounts from designated bank branches or through business correspondents appointed by banks.

    7. Monitoring and Evaluation:
    NSAPs are subject to regular monitoring and evaluation to assess their effectiveness, efficiency, and impact on beneficiaries. Monitoring mechanisms track key performance indicators such as coverage, enrollment, disbursement, and grievance redressal, while evaluation studies assess the outcomes and impacts of the programme on beneficiaries' lives. Feedback from beneficiaries, civil society organizations, and other stakeholders informs program improvements and policy revisions to address gaps and challenges.

    In conclusion, National Social Assistance Programmes (NSAPs) play a crucial role in providing financial assistance and social support to vulnerable and marginalized populations in India. By targeting specific groups such as the elderly, widows, persons with disabilities, and destitute individuals, NSAPs aim to alleviate poverty, improve livelihoods, and promote social inclusion and dignity for all. Common aspects of NSAPs include financial assistance, pensions, eligibility criteria, identification and registration processes, delivery mechanisms, and monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, which ensure transparency, efficiency, and accountability in the implementation of these social welfare programmes.

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