Define Communicable diseases.
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Communicable diseases, also known as infectious diseases or transmissible diseases, are illnesses caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites that can be transmitted from one person to another, directly or indirectly. These diseases spread through various modes of transmission, including person-to-person contact, airborne droplets, ingestion of contaminated food or water, and vector-borne transmission via insects or animals.
The transmission of communicable diseases can occur through several routes:
Direct Contact: This involves physical contact with an infected person, such as touching, kissing, or sexual intercourse.
Indirect Contact: This occurs through contact with contaminated objects or surfaces, such as doorknobs, shared utensils, or contaminated needles.
Airborne Transmission: Some pathogens can be spread through respiratory droplets expelled when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, leading to inhalation by others.
Vector-borne Transmission: Certain diseases are transmitted through vectors such as mosquitoes, ticks, or fleas that carry and transmit the pathogens to humans.
Common examples of communicable diseases include influenza (flu), tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, malaria, hepatitis, measles, and COVID-19. Prevention and control of communicable diseases often involve measures such as vaccination, good hygiene practices, quarantine and isolation, vector control, and public health interventions aimed at interrupting transmission pathways and reducing the spread of infections within communities.