Define Ecosystem.

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, animals, and microorganisms) interacting with each other and their physical environment (such as soil, water, air, and sunlight) within a specific area. Ecosystems can vary in size and complexity, ranging from a small pond or forest to a vast ocean or desert. The components of an ecosystem are interconnected through various ecological relationships, including energy flow and nutrient cycling.

Key features of ecosystems include biodiversity (the variety of species present), trophic structure (the feeding relationships among organisms), and abiotic factors (non-living environmental components influencing ecosystem dynamics). Ecosystems provide essential services such as food production, water purification, climate regulation, and habitat provision. Human activities can significantly impact ecosystems, affecting their structure, function, and resilience. Understanding and managing ecosystems is critical for maintaining biodiversity and sustaining life on Earth.