Define Fundamental rights.

Fundamental rights are a set of basic rights and freedoms that are guaranteed to individuals by the constitution of a country, ensuring protection against arbitrary actions and promoting human dignity, equality, and justice. These rights are considered fundamental because they are fundamental to the well-being and development of individuals within a society. Fundamental rights vary across countries, and their nature and scope are outlined in constitutional documents.

In democratic nations, fundamental rights often encompass civil liberties, political rights, and socio-economic rights. Common examples include the right to life, liberty, and security of person; freedom of speech and expression; equality before the law; freedom of religion; and the right to education and work. These rights are typically immune to ordinary legislation and are enforceable through legal mechanisms, providing individuals with the means to protect themselves against unjust actions by the state or other entities.

The concept of fundamental rights aims to establish a legal framework that safeguards individual freedoms and ensures a just and equitable society. The recognition and protection of fundamental rights are integral to the principles of democracy, the rule of law, and the protection of human dignity.