Define Low Birth Weight baby & explain its types.
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Define Low Birth Weight baby & explain its types.
A Low Birth Weight (LBW) baby is defined as a newborn weighing less than 2,500 grams (5.5 pounds) at birth, regardless of gestational age. LBW can result from preterm birth (before 37 weeks of gestation) or restricted fetal growth.
There are two main types of Low Birth Weight babies:
Preterm LBW: These babies are born before 37 weeks of gestation. Their low birth weight is primarily due to shortened gestational periods, resulting in less time for growth and development in the womb. Preterm LBW babies often face challenges related to underdeveloped organs and systems.
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR): Also known as Small for Gestational Age (SGA), these babies are born at term (37 weeks or later) but have not reached optimal growth potential during pregnancy. IUGR can be caused by various factors, including maternal health issues (e.g., hypertension, malnutrition), placental problems, or fetal conditions (e.g., congenital anomalies).
LBW babies are at higher risk for complications such as infections, developmental delays, and chronic health conditions. Early identification and appropriate medical care are essential for improving their health outcomes.