Define Low Birth Weight (LBW) baby & explain types of LBW.
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Define Low Birth Weight (LBW) baby & explain types of LBW.
A Low Birth Weight (LBW) baby is defined as a newborn weighing less than 2,500 grams (5.5 pounds) at birth, regardless of gestational age. LBW is an important indicator of newborn health and can increase the risk of various health complications, including developmental delays, infections, and even mortality.
There are two main types of LBW:
Preterm LBW: Preterm LBW occurs when a baby is born prematurely, before completing 37 weeks of gestation. These babies may have lower birth weights due to incomplete development in the womb, particularly in terms of body fat and organ maturity. Preterm LBW babies are at increased risk of respiratory distress syndrome, feeding difficulties, jaundice, and other complications associated with prematurity.
Small for Gestational Age (SGA) LBW: SGA LBW occurs when a baby is born full-term (37 weeks or later) but has a birth weight below the 10th percentile for their gestational age. These babies may have experienced intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), meaning they did not grow adequately in the womb due to factors such as placental insufficiency, maternal malnutrition, or chronic health conditions. SGA LBW babies are at increased risk of short- and long-term growth and developmental issues, as well as complications related to low birth weight.
Identifying the type of LBW is important for determining appropriate medical management and interventions to optimize the health and well-being of the newborn. Early detection, monitoring, and supportive care are essential for improving outcomes for LBW babies, regardless of the underlying cause.